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HandWiki. Firewall. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33246 (accessed on 03 October 2026).
HandWiki. Firewall. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33246. Accessed October 03, 2026.
HandWiki. "Firewall" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33246 (accessed October 03, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 07). Firewall. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33246
HandWiki. "Firewall." Encyclopedia. Web. 07 November, 2022.
Firewall
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Physics:Firewall

A black hole firewall is a hypothetical phenomenon where an observer falling into a black hole encounters high-energy quanta at (or near) the event horizon. The "firewall" phenomenon was proposed in 2012 by physicists Ahmed Almheiri, Donald Marolf, Joseph Polchinski, and James Sully as a possible solution to an apparent inconsistency in black hole complementarity. The proposal is sometimes referred to as the AMPS firewall, an acronym for the names of the authors of the 2012 paper. The potential inconsistency pointed out by AMPS had been pointed out earlier by Samir Mathur who used the argument in favour of the fuzzball proposal. The use of a firewall to resolve this inconsistency remains controversial, with physicists divided as to the solution to the paradox.

black hole firewall fuzzball

References

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  2. Page, Don N. (1993). "Average entropy of a subsystem". Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 (9): 1291–1294. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1291. PMID 10055503. Bibcode: 1993PhRvL..71.1291P.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.71.1291
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  5. Ouellette, Jennifer (21 December 2012). "Black Hole Firewalls Confound Theoretical Physicists". Scientific American. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=black-hole-firewalls-confound-theoretical-physicists.  Originally published in Quanta, December 21, 2012.
  6. Almheiri, Ahmed; Hartman, Thomas; Maldacena, Juan; Shaghoulian, Edgar; Tajdini, Amirhossein (21 July 2021). "The entropy of Hawking radiation". Reviews of Modern Physics 93 (3): 035002. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.93.035002. Bibcode: 2021RvMP...93c5002A.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.93.035002
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  10. Papadodimas, Kyriakos; Raju, Suvrat (29 April 2014). "State-dependent bulk-boundary maps and black hole complementarity". Physical Review D 89 (8): 086010. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.89.086010. Bibcode: 2014PhRvD..89h6010P.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.89.086010
  11. Carroll, Sean (5 June 2013). "Firewalls, Burning Brightly". https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2013/06/05/firewalls-burning-brightly/. 
  12. Karch, Andreas (21 October 2013). "What's Inside a Black Hole's Horizon?" (in en). Physics (American Physical Society) 6: 115. doi:10.1103/Physics.6.115. Bibcode: 2013PhyOJ...6..115K. https://physics.aps.org/articles/v6/115. Retrieved 10 January 2022. 
  13. Maldacena, J.; Susskind, L. (2 September 2013). "Cool horizons for entangled black holes". Fortschritte der Physik 61 (9): 781–811. doi:10.1002/prop.201300020. Bibcode: 2013ForPh..61..781M.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fprop.201300020
  14. Overbye, Dennis (12 August 2013). "A Black Hole Mystery Wrapped in a Firewall Paradox". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/13/science/space/a-black-hole-mystery-wrapped-in-a-firewall-paradox.html. 
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  19. "Why some physicists aren't buying Hawking's new black hole theory". Christian Science Monitor. 29 January 2014. http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2014/0129/Why-some-physicists-aren-t-buying-Hawking-s-new-black-hole-theory. 
  20. Mera;o, Zeeya (2016). "LIGO black hole echoes hint at general-relativity breakdown". Nature 540. doi:10.1038/nature.2016.21135.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature.2016.21135
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