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HandWiki. Water Intoxication. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33235 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
HandWiki. Water Intoxication. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33235. Accessed September 22, 2026.
HandWiki. "Water Intoxication" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33235 (accessed September 22, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 07). Water Intoxication. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33235
HandWiki. "Water Intoxication." Encyclopedia. Web. 07 November, 2022.
Water Intoxication
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Medicine:Water_intoxication

Water intoxication, also known as water poisoning, hyperhydration, overhydration, or water toxemia, is a potentially fatal disturbance in brain functions that results when the normal balance of electrolytes in the body is pushed outside safe limits by excessive water intake. Under normal circumstances, accidentally consuming too much water is exceptionally rare. Nearly all deaths related to water intoxication in normal individuals have resulted either from water-drinking contests, in which individuals attempt to consume large amounts of water, or from long bouts of exercise during which excessive amounts of fluid were consumed. In addition, water cure, a method of torture in which the victim is forced to consume excessive amounts of water, can cause water intoxication. Water, just like any other substance, can be considered a poison when over-consumed in a brief period of time. Water intoxication mostly occurs when water is being consumed in a high quantity without adequate electrolyte intake. Excess of body water may also be a result of a medical condition or improper treatment; see "hyponatremia" for some examples. Water is considered one of the least toxic chemical compounds, with an LD50 of over 150 ml/kg in rats.

electrolyte electrolytes toxic chemical

References

  1. "Water Intoxication in Infants". http://www.stlouischildrens.org/content/healthinfo/WaterIntoxicationinInfants.htm. 
  2. "Hyponatremia among runners in the Boston Marathon". The New England Journal of Medicine 352 (15): 1550–6. April 2005. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa043901. PMID 15829535. https://semanticscholar.org/paper/1dd20ec1e1d0562b0a679e5216cc30823121a399. 
  3. O'Brien, K. K.; Montain, S. J.; Corr, W. P.; Sawka, M. N.; Knapik, J. J.; Craig, S. C. (May 2001). "Hyponatremia associated with overhydration in U.S. Army trainees". pp. 405–410. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11370203/. 
  4. Gardner, John W. (May 2002). "Death by water intoxication". pp. 432–434. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12053855/. 
  5. Timbrell, John (2005). The Poison Paradox: Chemicals as Friends and Foes. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-280495-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=qYYOtQU37jcC. 
  6. Zerbe, Robert L.; Robertson, Gary L. (1981-12-24). "A Comparison of Plasma Vasopressin Measurements with a Standard Indirect Test in the Differential Diagnosis of Polyuria". New England Journal of Medicine 305 (26): 1539–1546. doi:10.1056/NEJM198112243052601. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 7311993.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJM198112243052601
  7. "Treating hypernatremic dehydration". Pediatrics in Review 26 (4): 148–50. April 2005. doi:10.1542/pir.26-4-148. PMID 15805238.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1542%2Fpir.26-4-148
  8. "Oxcarbazepine". http://www.modern-psychiatry.com/oxcarbazepine.htm. 
  9. "What Is Diabetes Insipidus?". http://www.diabetesinsipidus.org/whatisdi.htm. 
  10. Moreau, David (2008). Fluids & Electrolytes Made Incredibly Easy! (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 75–77. ISBN 978-1582555652. 
  11. Coco Ballantyne. "Strange but True: Drinking Too Much Water Can Kill". http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=strange-but-true-drinking-too-much-water-can-kill. 
  12. Asbridge, Thomas (2010). The Crusades: The Authoritative History of the War for the Holy Land. HarperCollins. pp. 90. 
  13. "Care Faulted In the Death Of Warhol". NYT. https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/05/nyregion/care-faulted-in-the-death-of-warhol.html. 
  14. "Hyponatremia ("Water Intoxication")". The DEA.org. http://thedea.org/hyponatremia.html. 
  15. Grice, Elizabeth (August 21, 2003). "My battle with the bottle". The Daily Telegraph (London). https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/drama/3600987/My-battle-with-the-bottle.html. 
  16. "Actor tells of water overdose". Evening Standard. 3 July 2003. https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/actor-tells-of-water-overdose-6352571.html. 
  17. "Woman dies after being in water-drinking contest". 2007-01-14. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jan-14-me-water14-story.html. 
  18. "Ten Fired After Radio Contest Tragedy" (in en-US). https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ten-fired-after-radio-contest-tragedy/. 
  19. "$16M Awarded In Water Drinking Death" (in en). 2009-11-02. https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/jury-rules-radio-station-jennifer-strange-water-drinking/story?id=8970712. 
  20. "Couple accused of killing son by forcing him to drink water". June 17, 2020. https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/couple-accused-of-killing-son-by-forcing-him-to-drink-water-1.4989133. 
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