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HandWiki. Proof-of-Work System. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33190 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
HandWiki. Proof-of-Work System. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33190. Accessed September 22, 2026.
HandWiki. "Proof-of-Work System" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33190 (accessed September 22, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 07). Proof-of-Work System. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33190
HandWiki. "Proof-of-Work System." Encyclopedia. Web. 07 November, 2022.
Proof-of-Work System
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Finance:Proof-of-work_system

A Proof-of-Work (PoW) system (or protocol, or function) is an economic measure to deter denial of service attacks and other service abuses such as spam on a network by requiring some work from the service requester, usually meaning processing time by a computer. The concept was invented by Cynthia Dwork and Moni Naor as presented in a 1993 journal article. The term "Proof of Work" or PoW was first coined and formalized in a 1999 paper by Markus Jakobsson and Ari Juels. An early example of the proof-of-work system used to give value to a currency is the shell money of the Solomon Islands. A key feature of these schemes is their asymmetry: the work must be moderately hard (but feasible) on the requester side but easy to check for the service provider. This idea is also known as a CPU cost function, client puzzle, computational puzzle or CPU pricing function. It is distinct from a CAPTCHA, which is intended for a human to solve quickly, rather than a computer. Proof of space (PoSpace) proposals apply the same principle by proving a dedicated amount of memory or disk space instead of CPU time. Proof-of-Stake, Proof of bandwidth, and other approaches have been discussed in the context of cryptocurrency. Proof of ownership aims at proving that specific data are held by the prover.

denial of service cryptocurrency protocol

References

  1. Laurie, Ben; Clayton, Richard (May 2004). "Proof-of-work proves not to work". WEIS 04. 
  2. Liu, Debin; Camp, L. Jean (June 2006). "Proof of Work can work - Fifth Workshop on the Economics of Information Security". http://www.econinfosec.org/archive/weis2006/prog.html. 
  3. How powerful was the Apollo 11 computer?, a specific comparison that shows how different classes of devices have different processing power. http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20130721202930/http://downloadsquad.switched.com/2009/07/20/how-powerful-was-the-apollo-11-computer/
  4. "Moderately hard, memory-bound functions". ACM Trans. Inter. Tech. 5 (2): 299–327. 2005. 
  5. "On memory-bound functions for fighting spam". Advances in Cryptology: CRYPTO 2003 (Springer) 2729: 426–444. 2003. 
  6. Coelho, Fabien. "Exponential memory-bound functions for proof of work protocols". Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report. http://eprint.iacr.org/2005/356. 
  7. Tromp, John (2015). "Cuckoo Cycle; a memory bound graph-theoretic proof-of-work". Springer. pp. 49–62. https://eprint.iacr.org/2014/059.pdf. 
  8. Abliz, Mehmud; Znati, Taieb (December 2009). "A Guided Tour Puzzle for Denial of Service Prevention". Proceedings of the Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC) 2009 (Honolulu, HI): 279–288. 
  9. "Pricing via Processing, Or, Combatting Junk Mail, Advances in Cryptology". CRYPTO’92: Lecture Notes in Computer Science No. 740 (Springer): 139–147. 1993. http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~naor/PAPERS/pvp.ps. 
  10. Back, Adam. "HashCash". http://hashcash.org.  Popular Proof-of-Work system. First announce in March 1997.
  11. Gabber, Eran; Jakobsson, Markus; Matias, Yossi; Mayer, Alain J. (1998). "Curbing junk e-mail via secure classification". Financial Cryptography: 198–213. 
  12. Jakobsson, Markus; Juels, Ari (1999). "Proofs of Work and Bread Pudding Protocols". Communications and Multimedia Security (Kluwer Academic Publishers): 258–272. http://www.emc.com/emc-plus/rsa-labs/staff-associates/proofs-of-work-protocols.htm. 
  13. Wang, Xiao-Feng; Reiter, Michael (May 2003). "Defending against denial-of-service attacks with puzzle auctions". IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy '03. http://cs.unc.edu/~reiter/papers/2003/SP.pdf. 
  14. "Auditable metering with lightweight security". Financial Cryptography '97. 1997.  Updated version May 4, 1998.
  15. Juels, Ari; Brainard, John (1999). "Client puzzles: A cryptographic defense against connection depletion attacks". NDSS 99. 
  16. "New client puzzle outsourcing techniques for DoS resistance". 11th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. 2004. 
  17. Coelho, Fabien. "An (almost) constant-effort solution-verification proof-of-work protocol based on Merkle trees". Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report. http://eprint.iacr.org/2007/433. 
  18. "Reusable Proofs of Work". Archived from the original on December 22, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20071222072154/http://rpow.net/. 
  19. Overview of the Bitcoin mining pools on blockchain.info https://blockchain.info/pools
  20. What is an ASIC miner on digitaltrends.com https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/what-is-an-asic-miner/
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