Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Submitted Successfully!
Thank you for your contribution! You can also upload a video entry or images related to this topic. For video creation, please contact our Academic Video Service.
Version Summary Created by Modification Content Size Created at Operation
1 handwiki Dean Liu -- 2509 2022-10-26 01:32:49

Video Upload Options

We provide professional Academic Video Service to translate complex research into visually appealing presentations. Would you like to try it?
No, upload directly Yes
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
HandWiki. Aether Drag Hypothesis. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33069 (accessed on 20 September 2026).
HandWiki. Aether Drag Hypothesis. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33069. Accessed September 20, 2026.
HandWiki. "Aether Drag Hypothesis" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33069 (accessed September 20, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 04). Aether Drag Hypothesis. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33069
HandWiki. "Aether Drag Hypothesis." Encyclopedia. Web. 04 November, 2022.
Aether Drag Hypothesis
Edit
The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Physics:Aether_drag_hypothesis

In the 19th century, the theory of the luminiferous aether as the hypothetical medium for the propagation of light was widely discussed. An important part of this discussion was the question concerning the state of motion of Earth with respect to this medium. The aether drag hypothesis dealt with the question of whether or not the luminiferous aether is dragged by or entrained within moving matter. According to the first variant no relative motion exists between Earth and aether; according to the second one, relative motion exists and thus the speed of light should depend on the speed of this motion ("aether wind"), which should be measurable by instruments at rest on Earth's surface. Specific aether models were invented by Augustin-Jean Fresnel who in 1818 proposed that the aether is partially entrained by matter. The other one was proposed by George Stokes in 1845, in which the aether is completely entrained within or in the vicinity of matter. While Fresnel's almost stationary theory was apparently confirmed by the Fizeau experiment (1851), Stokes' theory was apparently confirmed by the Michelson–Morley experiment (1881, 1887). This contradictory situation was resolved by the works of Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1895, 1904) whose Lorentz ether theory banished any form of aether dragging, and finally with the work of Albert Einstein (1905) whose theory of special relativity does not contain the aether as a mechanical medium at all.

special relativity propagation of light mechanical

References

  1. Arago, A. (1810–1853), "Mémoire sur la vitesse de la lumière, lu à la prémière classe de l'Institut, le 10 décembre 1810", Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences 36: 38–49 
  2. Fresnel, A. (1818), "Lettre de M. Fresnel à M. Arago sur l'influence du mouvement terrestre dans quelques phénomènes d'optique", Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 9: 57–66 (Sep. 1818), 286–7 (Nov. 1818); reprinted in H. de Senarmont, E. Verdet, and L. Fresnel (eds.), Oeuvres complètes d'Augustin Fresnel, vol. 2 (1868), pp. 627–36; translated as "Letter from Augustin Fresnel to François Arago, on the influence of the movement of the earth on some phenomena of optics" in K.F. Schaffner, Nineteenth-Century Aether Theories, Pergamon, 1972, pp. 125–35, doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-015674-3.50011-7; also translated by R.R. Traill as "Letter from Augustin Fresnel to François Arago concerning the influence of terrestrial movement on several optical phenomena", General Science Journal, 23 January 2006 (8 pp.). https://books.google.com.au/books?id=g6tzUG7JmoQC&pg=PA627
  3. Whittaker, Edmund Taylor (1910), A History of the theories of aether and electricity (1. ed.), Dublin: Longman, Green and Co., https://archive.org/details/historyoftheorie00whitrich 
  4. Jannsen, Michel; Stachel, John (2008), The Optics and Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, http://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/Preprints/P265.PDF 
  5. Rafael Ferraro; Daniel M Sforza (2005), "Arago (1810): the first experimental result against the ether", Eur. J. Phys. 26 (1): 195–204, doi:10.1088/0143-0807/26/1/020, Bibcode: 2005EJPh...26..195F  https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F0143-0807%2F26%2F1%2F020
  6. G. W. Hammar (1935), "The Velocity of Light Within a Massive Enclosure", Physical Review 48 (5): 462–463, doi:10.1103/PhysRev.48.462.2, Bibcode: 1935PhRv...48..462H  https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.48.462.2
  7. Stokes, George Gabriel (1845), "On the Aberration of Light", Philosophical Magazine 27 (177): 9–15, doi:10.1080/14786444508645215  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F14786444508645215
  8. Stokes, George Gabriel (1846), "On Fresnel's Theory of the Aberration of Light", Philosophical Magazine 28 (185): 76–81, doi:10.1080/14786444608645365  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F14786444608645365
  9. Stokes, George Gabriel (1846), "On the Constitution of the Luminiferous Æther, viewed with reference to the phænomenon of the Aberration of Light", Philosophical Magazine 29 (191): 6–10, doi:10.1080/14786444608562589  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F14786444608562589
  10. Stokes, George Gabriel (1848), "On the Constitution of the Luminiferous Æther", Philosophical Magazine 32: 343–349, doi:10.1080/14786444808645996  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F14786444808645996
  11. Georg Joos: Lehrbuch der theoretischen Physik. 12. edition, 1959, page 448
  12. Lodge, Oliver J. (1893), "Aberration Problems", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 184: 727–804, doi:10.1098/rsta.1893.0015, Bibcode: 1893RSPTA.184..727L, http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k559898/f781 
  13. Lodge, Oliver J. (1897), "Experiments on the Absence of Mechanical Connexion between Ether and Matter", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 189: 149–166, doi:10.1098/rsta.1897.0006, Bibcode: 1897RSPTA.189..149L  https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frsta.1897.0006
  14. Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon (1886), "De l'influence du mouvement de la terre sur les phénomènes lumineux", Archives Néerlandaises des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles 21: 103–176 
  15. Wien, Wilhelm (1898), "Über die Fragen, welche die translatorische Bewegung des Lichtäthers betreffen (Referat für die 70. Versammlung deutsche Naturforscher und Aerzte in Düsseldorf, 1898)", Annalen der Physik 301 (3): I–XVIII .
  16. Lorentz, H.A. (1899), "Stoke's Theory of Aberration in the Supposition of a Variable Density of the Aether", Proceedings of the Royal Society 1: 443–448, Bibcode: 1898KNAB....1..443L, archived from the original on 2008-04-04, https://web.archive.org/web/20080404010653/http://www.digitallibrary.nl/proceedings/search/detail.cfm?pubid=2413&view=image&startrow=1 
  17. Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon (1904), "Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity smaller than that of light", Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences 6: 809–831 
  18. Einstein, Albert (1905), "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", Annalen der Physik 322 (10): 891–921, doi:10.1002/andp.19053221004, Bibcode: 1905AnP...322..891E, http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/ .
  19. Laue, Max von (1907), "Die Mitführung des Lichtes durch bewegte Körper nach dem Relativitätsprinzip" (in German), Annalen der Physik 23 (10): 989–990, doi:10.1002/andp.19073281015, Bibcode: 1907AnP...328..989L, https://zenodo.org/record/1424115 
  20. Miller, Dayton C. (July 1933). "The Ether-Drift experiment and the determination of the absolute motion of the Earth". Reviews of Modern Physics 5 (3): 203–254. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.5.203. Bibcode: 1933RvMP....5..203M. http://www.anti-relativity.com/Miller1933.pdf. 
  21. Allais, M. (September 1959). "Should the Laws of Gravitation Be reconsidered? Part I – Abnormalities in the Motion of a Paraconical Pendulum on an Anisotropic Support". Aero/Space Engineering: 46–52. http://home.t01.itscom.net/allais/blackprior/allais/lawgravit/lawgrav-one.pdf. Retrieved 2017-03-30. 
  22. Allais, M. (October 1959). "Should the Laws of Gravitation Be reconsidered? Part II – Experiments in Connection with the Abnormalities Noted in the Motion of the Paraconical Pendulum With an Anisotropic Support". Aero/Space Engineering: 51–55. http://home.t01.itscom.net/allais/blackprior/allais/lawgravit/lawgrav-two.pdf. Retrieved 2017-03-30. 
  23. Deloly, Jean-Bernard. "The re-examination of Miller's interferometric observations and of Esclangon's observations". http://www.fondationmauriceallais.org/the-physicist/the-re-examination-of-millers-interferometric-observations-and-of-esclangons-observations/?lang=en. 
More
©Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons-Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) license; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.
Upload a video for this entry
Information
Subjects: Others
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
HandWiki
View Times: 3.3K
Entry Collection: HandWiki
Revision: 1 time (View History)
Update Date: 04 Nov 2022
Table of Contents
    Notice
    You are not a member of the advisory board for this topic. If you want to update advisory board member profile, please contact office@encyclopedia.pub.
    OK
    Confirm
    Only members of the Encyclopedia advisory board for this topic are allowed to note entries. Would you like to become an advisory board member of the Encyclopedia?
    Yes
    No
    ${ textCharacter }/${ maxCharacter }
    Submit
    Cancel
    There is no comment~
    ${ textCharacter }/${ maxCharacter }
    Submit
    Cancel
    ${ selectedItem.replyTextCharacter }/${ selectedItem.replyMaxCharacter }
    Submit
    Cancel
    Confirm
    Are you sure to Delete?
    Yes No
    Academic Video Service
    Feedback