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References

1. Duchesne-Guillemin, Jacques (1982), "Ahriman", Encyclopaedia Iranica, 1, New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 670–673, http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ahriman 
2. Proper names are altogether rare in the Gathas. In these texts, even Ahura Mazda and Amesha Spenta are not yet proper names.
3. The translation of mainyu as "spirit" is the common approximation. The stem of mainyu is "man", "thought", and "spirit" is here meant in the sense of 'mind'.
4. Hellenschmidt, Clarice; Kellens, Jean (1993), "Daiva", Encyclopaedia Iranica, 6, Costa Mesa: Mazda, pp. 599–602 
5. Zaehner, Richard Charles (1955), Zurvan, a Zoroastrian dilemma, Oxford: Clarendon 
6. Haug, Martin (trans., ed.) (1917), "The Book of Arda Viraf", in Charles F. Horne, The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East (Vol. 7), New York: Parke, Austin, and Lipscomb 
7. de Menasce, Jean-Pierre (1958), Une encyclopédie mazdéenne: le Dēnkart. Quatre conférences données à l'Université de Paris sous les auspices de la fondation Ratanbai Katrak, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France 
8. Modi, Jivanji Jamshedji Modi (1903), Jamasp Namak ("Book of Jamaspi"), Bombay: K. R. Cama Oriental Institute 
9. Dhalla, Maneckji Nusservanji (1938), History of Zoroastrianism, New York: OUP  p. 392.
10. Haug, Martin (1884), Essays on the Sacred Language, Writings and Religion of the Parsis, London: Trubner, https://books.google.com/books?id=eSAHAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false .
11. Cf. Boyce, Mary (1982), A History of Zoroastrianism. Volume 1: The Early Period. Third impression with corrections. pp. 192–194
12. Wilson, John (1843), The Parsi religion: Unfolded, Refuted and Contrasted with Christianity, Bombay: American Mission Press  pp. 106ff.
13. Maneck, Susan Stiles (1997), The Death of Ahriman: Culture, Identity and Theological Change Among the Parsis of India, Bombay: K. R. Cama Oriental Institute  pp. 182ff.
14. Boyce, Mary (2001), Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Routledge. p. 20 https://books.google.com/books?id=a6gbxVfjtUEC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
15. Gershevitch, Ilya (1964), "Zoroaster's Own Contribution", Journal of Near Eastern Studies 23 (1): 12–38, doi:10.1086/371754  p. 13.: The conclusion that the Fiendish Spirit, too, was an emanation of Ahura Mazdah's is unavoidable. But we need not go so far as to assume that Zarathustra imagined the Devil as having directly issued from God. Rather, since free will, too, is a basic tenet of Zarathushtrianism, we may think of the 'childbirth' implied in the idea of twinship as having consisted in the emanation by God of undifferentiated 'spirit', which only at the emergence of free will split into two "twin" Spirits of opposite allegiance. https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F371754
16. Duchesne-Guillemin, Jacques (1982), "Ahriman", Encyclopaedia Iranica, 1, New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 670–673, http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ahriman : The myth of the Twin Spirits is a model he set for the choice every person is called upon to make. It can not be doubted that both are sons of Ahura Mazda, since they are explicitly said to be twins, and we learn from Y. 47.2–3 that Ahura Mazda is the father of one of them. Before choosing, neither of them was wicked. There is therefore nothing shocking in Angra Mainyu's being a son of Ahura Mazda, and there is no need to resort to the improbable solution that Zoroaster was speaking figuratively. That Ohrmazd and Ahriman's brotherhood was later considered an abominable heresy is a different matter; Ohrmazd had by then replaced the Bounteous Spirit; and there was no trace any more, in the orthodox view, of the primeval choice, perhaps the prophet's most original conception.
17. Boyce, Mary (1990), Textual Sources for the Study of Zoroastrianism. University of Chicago Press. p. 16: This Western hypothesis influenced Parsi reformists in the nineteenth century, and still dominates much Parsi theological discussion, as well as being still upheld by some Western scholars. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZPlmnX7AgMEC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
18. Clark, Peter (1998), Zoroastrianism: An Introduction to an Ancient Faith. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 7–9 https://books.google.com/books?id=g2W0keFro08C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
19. Nigosian, Solomon Alexander. (1993), The Zoroastrian Faith: Tradition and Modern Research. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 22 https://books.google.com/books?id=Uspf6eDDvjAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
20. Steiner, Rudolph (1985), The Ahrimanic Deception - Lecture given by Rudolf Steiner in Zurich October 27th, 1919, Spring Valley, New York: Anthroposophic Press  pp. 6