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References

1. Helen K. Bond; Seth D. Kunin; Francesca Murphy (2003). Religious Studies and Theology: An Introduction. New York University Press. pp. 231. ISBN 978-0-8147-9914-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=HokZ5UW5fZsC&pg=PA231. 
2. William Sweet (2006). Approaches to Metaphysics. Springer. pp. 145–147. ISBN 978-1-4020-2182-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=cyCme74cZ1IC. 
3. H. James Birx (2005). Encyclopedia of Anthropology. SAGE Publications. pp. 1279. ISBN 978-1-4522-6536-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=8m_vBQAAQBAJ. 
4. carya Monier Williams Sanskrit Dictionary, Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, Germany http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/tamil/index.html
5. James Lochtefeld, "Brahmacharya" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, pp. 120, Rosen Publishing. ISBN:9780823931798
6. M Khandelwal (2001), Sexual Fluids, Emotions, Morality – Notes on the Gendering of Brahmacharya, in Celibacy, Culture, and Society: The Anthropology of Sexual Abstinence (Editors: Elisa Sobo and Sandra Bell), University of Wisconsin Press, ISBN:978-0299171643, pages 157–174
7. Joseph Alter (2012), Moral Materialism, Penguin, ISBN:978-0143417415, pages 65–67
8. Original:अहिंसासत्यास्तेय ब्रह्मचर्यापरिग्रहाः यमाः |Source:Āgāśe, K. S. (1904). Pātañjalayogasūtrāṇi. Puṇe: Ānandāśrama. p. 102. https://archive.org/stream/patanjaliyoga/yoga_sutras_three_commentaries#page/n111/mode/2up. 
9. Brahmacharyam Pativratyam cha – Celibacy and Fidelity Himalayan Academy, Gutenberg Archives (2006) http://ebooks.gutenberg.us/himalayanacademy/sacredhinduliterature/lws/lws_ch-10.html
10. [a] Louise Taylor (2001), A Woman's Book of Yoga, Tuttle, ISBN:978-0804818292, page 3;[b]Jeffrey Long (2009), Jainism: An Introduction, IB Tauris, ISBN:978-1845116262, page 109; Quote: The fourth vow – brahmacarya – means for laypersons, marital fidelity and pre-marital celibacy; for ascetics, it means absolute celibacy; John Cort explains, "Brahmacharya involves having sex only with one's spouse, as well as the avoidance of ardent gazing or lewd gestures (...) — Quoted by Long, ibid, page 101
11. KN Aiyar (Translator), Sandilya Upanishad, Thirty Minor Upanishads, University of Toronto Archives, page 173 https://archive.org/stream/thirtyminorupani00xxxxuoft#page/n189/mode/2up
12. Original: ब्रह्मचर्य प्रतिष्ठायां वीर्यलाभः |Source: Yogasutra 2.35–2.39 (in German) http://vedanta-yoga.de/yoga-sutras-yamas-ashtanga-ahimsa/
13. SV Bharti (2001), Yoga Sutras of Patanjali: With the Exposition of Vyasa, Motilal Banarsidas, ISBN:978-8120818255, Appendix I, pages 536–539
14. Chandogya Upanishad Book 8, Chapter 5, Jha (Translator), pages 434–440 https://archive.org/stream/Shankara.Bhashya-Chandogya.Upanishad-Ganganath.Jha.1942.English#page/n449/mode/2up
15. KM Ganguli (Translator), The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, p. 150, at Google Books, Udyoga Parva, Chapter 43, pages 150–153 https://books.google.com/books?id=OrpZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA150
16. Vijay K. Jain 2012, p. iv.
17. Pravin Shah, Five Great Vows (Maha-vratas) of Jainism Jainism Literature Center, Harvard University Archives (2009) http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~pluralsm/affiliates/jainism/jainedu/5greatvows.htm
18. Brahmacharya, BBC, http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/jainism/living/brahmacarya.shtml 
19. Champat Rai Jain 1926, p. 64.
20. Vijay K. Jain 2012, p. 145-147.
21. Robert Kolb (2007), Encyclopedia of Business Ethics and Society, SAGE Publications, ISBN:978-1412916523, page 1207-1208
22. Georg Feuerstein (2000). Shambhala Encyclopedia of Yoga. p. 61. ISBN 9781570625558. https://books.google.com/books?id=i7yoPwAACAAJ&q=%22Shambhala+Encyclopedia+of+Yoga%22. 
23. Manusmriti suggests the Brahmacarya ashrama be about 25 years, one fourth of the normal life of human being he estimates to be 100 years. See: RK Sharma (1999), Indian Society, Institutions and Change, ISBN:978-8171566655, page 28
24. Bodhinatha Veylanswami (2007), What Is Hinduism?, Editors of Hinduism Today, Himalayan Academy Publishers, ISBN:978-1934145005, page 372
25. Vivekjivandas, Sadhu. Hinduism: An Introduction – Part 2. (Swaminarayan Aksharpith: Ahmedabad, 2010) p. 113. ISBN:978-81-7526-434-2
26. Rocher, Ludo. "The Dharmaśāstas". The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism.(Ed.Gavin Flood) (Blackwell Publishing Ltd.: Oxford, 2003) p. 103. ISBN:0-631-21535-2
27. Stella Kramrisch (1958), Traditions of the Indian Craftsman, The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 71, No. 281, Traditional India: Structure and Change (Jul. – Sep., 1958), pp. 224–230
28. Samuel Parker (1987), Artistic practice and education in India: A historical overview, Journal of Aesthetic Education, pp 123–141
29. Misra, R. N. (2011), Silpis in Ancient India: Beyond their Ascribed Locus in Ancient Society, Social Scientist, Vol. 39, No. 7/8, pp 43–54
30. RK Sharma (1999), Indian Society, Institutions and Change, ISBN:978-8171566655, page 28
31. Georg Feuerstein, The Encyclopedia of Yoga and Tantra, Shambhala Publications, ISBN:978-1590308790, 2011, pg 76, Quote – "Brahmacharya essentially stands for the ideal of chastity"
32. W.J. Johnson (2009), "The chaste and celibate state of a student of the Veda", Oxford Dictionary of Hinduism, Oxford University Press, ISBN:978-2713223273, pg 62
33. KN Aiyar (Translator), Narada Parivrajaka Upanishad, Thirty Minor Upanishads, University of Toronto Archives, page 135 https://archive.org/stream/thirtyminorupani00xxxxuoft#page/n151/mode/2up
34. R Pandey (1969), Hindu Saṁskāras: Socio-Religious Study of the Hindu Sacraments (2nd Ed.), Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN:81-208-0434-1
35. KM Ganguli, Moksha dharma parva Shanti Parva, The Mahabharata, pages 248–261 https://archive.org/stream/mahabharataofkri07royp#page/248/mode/2up
36. S Jain (2003), The Right to Family Planning, in Sacred Rights: The Case for Contraception and Abortion in World Religions (Editor: Daniel C. Maguire), Oxford University Press, ISBN:978-0195160017, page 134, Quote – "The Atharva Veda confirms... a brahmacārinī has better prospects of marriage than a girl who is uneducated"; "The Vedic period.... girls, like boys, are also expected to go through the brahmacharya..."
37. For source in Sanskrit: Atharva Veda Wikisource, Hymns 11.5[7].1 – 11.5[7].26; For English translation: Stephen N Hay and William Theodore De Bary (1988), Sources of Indian Tradition, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN:978-8120804678, pages 18–19 https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/अथर्ववेदः/अथर्ववेद:_काण्डं_11
38. Jan Gonda (1965), Change and Continuity in Indian Religion, Mouton & Co, The Hague, pages 284–285, 1965 print: OCLC 817902, Reprinted in 1997: ISBN:978-8121500142 (page number may be different) https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/817902
39. Patrick Olivelle (1996) (Translator), Upanishads, Oxford University Press, ISBN:978-0195124354, pages 143–144
40. Max Muller, The Sacred Books of the East at Google Books, Volume 43, Clarendon Press, Oxford University, pages 393–394 https://books.google.com/books?id=RZ0ZAQAAIAAJ
41. GS Ghurye (1952), Ascetic Origins, Sociological Bulletin, Vol. 1, No. 2, pages 162–184;For original: Rigveda Wikisource https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_१०.१३६
42. For source in Sanskrit: Atharva Veda Wikisource, Hymns 11.5[7].1 – 11.5[7].26; (ब्रह्मचारीष्णंश् चरति रोदसी उभे तस्मिन् देवाः संमनसो भवन्ति | स दाधार पृथिवीं दिवं च स आचार्यं तपसा पिपर्ति ||1|| ब्रह्मचारिणं पितरो देवजनाः पृथग् देवा अनुसंयन्ति सर्वे | गन्धर्वा एनम् अन्व् आयन् त्रयस्त्रिंशत् त्रिशताः षट्सहस्राः सर्वान्त् स देवांस् तपसा पिपर्ति ||2|| आचार्य उपनयमानो ब्रह्मचारिणं कृणुते गर्भम् अन्तः | तं रात्रीस् तिस्र उदरे बिभर्ति तं जातं द्रष्टुम् अभिसंयन्ति देवाः ||3|| (...)) For English translation: Stephen N Hay and William Theodore De Bary (1988), Sources of Indian Tradition, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN:978-8120804678, pages 18–19 https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/अथर्ववेदः/अथर्ववेद:_काण्डं_11
43. Translation: S Swahananda (2010), Chandogya Upanishad, Vedanta Press, ISBN:978-8171203307, Book VIII, Chapter 5, verse 1–4Original: अथ यद्यज्ञ इत्याचक्षते ब्रह्मचर्यमेव तद्ब्रह्मचर्येण | ह्येव यो ज्ञाता तं विन्दतेऽथ यदिष्टमित्याचक्षते | ब्रह्मचर्यमेव तद्ब्रह्मचर्येण ह्येवेष्ट्वात्मानमनुविन्दते ॥ १ ॥ अथ यत्सत्त्रायणमित्याचक्षते ब्रह्मचर्यमेव तद्ब्रह्मचर्येण | ह्येव सत आत्मनस्त्राणं विन्दतेऽथ यन्मौनमित्याचक्षते | ब्रह्मचर्यमेव तब्ब्रह्मचर्येण ह्येवात्मानमनुविद्य मनुते ' ॥ २ ॥ अथ यदनाशकायनमित्याचक्षते ब्रह्मचर्यमेव तदेष | ह्यात्मा न नश्यति यं ब्रह्मचर्येणानुविन्दतेऽथ | यदरण्यायनमित्याचक्षते ब्रह्मचर्यमेव तदरश्च ह वै | ण्यश्चार्णवौ ब्रह्मलोके तृतीयस्यामितो दिवि तदैरं | मदीयँ सरस्तदश्वत्थः सोमसवनस्तदपराजिता | पूर्ब्रह्मणः प्रभुविमितँ हिरण्मयम् ॥ ३ ॥ तद्य एवैतवरं च ण्यं चार्णवौ ब्रह्मलोके | ब्रह्मचर्येणानुविन्दन्ति तेषामेवैष ब्रह्मलोकस्तेषाँ | सर्वेषु लोकेषु कामचारो भवति ॥ ४ ॥
44. G. Jha (1942), The Chāndogyopaniṣad: A Treatise on Vedānta Philosophy, Oritental Book Agency, University of California Archives, OCLC 7733219 https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7733219
45. MP Pandit (1969), Mundaka Upanishad 3.1.5, Gleanings from the Upanishads, OCLC 81579, University of Virginia Archives, pages 11–12 https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/81579
46. Some recent Upanishads do, see for example Naradaparivrajaka Upanishad mentioned below
47. Julius Eggeling, Satapatha Brahmana Madhyandina School version, Clarendon Press, Oxford, page 90 https://archive.org/stream/satapathabrhman01eggegoog#page/n143/mode/2up
48. George Chryssides (2006), The A to Z of New Religious Movements, ISBN:978-0810855885, page 56
49. Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam. ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 79. https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada. 
50. Karen Pechilis (2004), The Graceful Guru: Hindu Female Gurus in India and the United States, Oxford University Press, ISBN:978-0195145373, pages 74–101