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HandWiki. Suspension (Vehicle). Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32942 (accessed on 20 September 2026).
HandWiki. Suspension (Vehicle). Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32942. Accessed September 20, 2026.
HandWiki. "Suspension (Vehicle)" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32942 (accessed September 20, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 04). Suspension (Vehicle). In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32942
HandWiki. "Suspension (Vehicle)." Encyclopedia. Web. 04 November, 2022.
Suspension (Vehicle)
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Engineering:Suspension_(vehicle)

Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two. Suspension systems must support both roadholding/handling and ride quality, which are at odds with each other. The tuning of suspensions involves finding the right compromise. It is important for the suspension to keep the road wheel in contact with the road surface as much as possible, because all the road or ground forces acting on the vehicle do so through the contact patches of the tires. The suspension also protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or luggage from damage and wear. The design of front and rear suspension of a car may be different.

relative motion shock absorbers suspension

References

  1. Adams, William Bridges (1837). English Pleasure Carriages. London: Charles Knight & Co.. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=apw7AAAAMAAJ. 
  2. "Suspension Basics 3 - Leaf Springs". Initial Dave. http://www.initialdave.com/cars/tech/suspensionbasics03.htm. Retrieved 2015-01-29. 
  3. "wagon and carriage". http://escola.britannica.com.br/article/277634/wagon-and-carriage?view=print. 
  4. "The Washington Times, Sunday 30 June 1901". Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87062245/1901-06-30/ed-1/seq-1/;words=Paris+races+Berlin+race+Race. Retrieved 2012-08-16. 
  5. Jain, K.K.; Asthana, R.B.. Automobile Engineering. London: Tata McGraw-Hill. pp. 293–294. ISBN 0-07-044529-X. 
  6. Pages 617-620 (particularly page 619) of "Race Car Vehicle Dynamics" by William and Douglas Milliken
  7. "BMW Technology Guide : Self-levelling suspension". BMW. http://www.bmw.com.kh/asia/en/insights/technology/technology_guide/articles/self_levelling.html?source=index&article=self_levelling. 
  8. "Suspension Basics 4 - Torsion Bar Springs". Initial Dave. http://www.initialdave.com/cars/tech/suspensionbasics04.htm. Retrieved 2015-01-29. 
  9. "Suspension Basics 5 - Coil Springs". Initial Dave. http://www.initialdave.com/cars/tech/suspensionbasics05.htm. Retrieved 2015-01-29. 
  10. "Suspension Basics 6 - Rubber Springs". Initial Dave. http://www.initialdave.com/cars/tech/suspensionbasics06.htm. Retrieved 2015-01-29. 
  11. "Suspension Basics 8 - Air Springs". Initial Dave. http://www.initialdave.com/cars/tech/suspensionbasics08.htm. Retrieved 2015-01-29. 
  12. "Suspension Basics 9 - Hydropneumatic Springs". Initial Dave. http://www.initialdave.com/cars/tech/suspensionbasics09.htm. Retrieved 2015-01-29. 
  13. "75 Years of TOYOTA | Technical Development | Chassis". Toyota. 2012. http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/products_technology/technology_development/chassis/index.html. 
  14. "Electromagnetic suspension". Amt.nl. 2008-11-19. http://www.amt.nl/web/Nieuws/Autotechniek/Tonen-Nieuws-Autotechniek/Zwevend-over-de-weg-met-magneetvering.htm. Retrieved 2012-08-16. 
  15. "Kinetic Suspension Technology". Australia: Kinetic. http://www.kinetic.au.com. 
  16. "Alex Moulton Mgf Hydragas". Mgfcar.de. http://www.mgfcar.de/hydragas/moulton.htm. Retrieved 2012-08-16. 
  17. "Leaning vehicle with tilting front wheels and suspension therefor US 8317207 B2". http://www.google.com/patents/US8317207. 
  18. Peter Chamberlain and Hilary Doyle, Encyclopedia of German Tanks of World War Two, 1978, 1999
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