Kirtlandian

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The Kirtlandian is a North American land-vertebrate faunal age of the Cretaceous period, following the Judithian and succeeded by the Edmontonian. It lasted about 2 million years, ca 74.8 to 72.8 Mya and is characterized by the ceratopsian Pentaceratops sternbergii, which lived throughout the Kirtlandian. It was first named by R.M. Sullivan and S.G. Lucas in 2003 as a faunal age for the Kirtland and Fruitland formations. Previously, only five land-vertebrate ages were identified from the Late Cretaceous. as identified by Loris S. Russell in 1975, they include the Paluxian, Aquilan, Judithian, Edmontonian, and the Lancian. Before the naming of the Kirtlandian, three gaps, between the Paluxian and Aquilan, the Aquilan and the Judithian, and the Judithian and Edmontonian, were identified but not named. The Fruitland Formation measures 97 to 107 metres (318 to 351 ft) thick, and with the 594 metres (1,949 ft) of the Kirtland Formation, the Kirtlandian consists of 701 metres (2,300 ft) of sediments. The rock types within the formations are primarily coal beds, but also include sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, and shale. Within the sediments with a Kirtlandian age, two local faunas, the Hunter Wash local fauna, and the Willow Wash local fauna, have been identified. The currently accepted date of the Kirtlandian is 74.8 to 72.8 million years ago.

siltstone paluxian kirtlandian

References

Sullivan, R.M. (2006). "Saurornitholestes robustus, n. sp. (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) From the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation (De-Na-Zin Member), San Juan Basin, New Mexico". in Lucas, S.G. & Sullivan, R.M.. Late Cretaceous vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 35. pp. 253–256. http://econtent.unm.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/bulletins/id/710.
Lucas, S.G. & Sullivan, R.M. (2006). "The Kirtlandian Land-Vertebrate "Age"-Faunal Composition, Temporal Position, and Biostratigraphic Correlation in the Nonmarine Upper Cretaceous of Western North America". in Lucas, S.G. & Sullivan, R.M.. Late Cretaceous vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 35. pp. 7–23. http://econtent.unm.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/bulletins/id/710.
Sullivan, R.M. & Lucas, S.G. (2003). "The Kirtlandian, A New Land-Vertebrate "Age" for the Late Cretaceous of Western North America". New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 54th Field Conference, Geology of the Zuni Plateau: 369–377. https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/54/54_p0369_p0377.pdf.
Longrich, N.R. (2010). "Titanoceratops ouranous, a giant horned dinosaur from the Late Campanian of New Mexico". Cretaceous Research: 36. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.007. https://dinosaures-web.com/sites/default/files/publications/Longrich_2010_Titanoceratops%20ouranous.pdf.
Sullivan, R.M.; Jasinski, S.E.; Lucas, S.G. (2011). "Preliminary Observations on a Skull of the Amiid Fish Melvius, from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico". in Sullivan, R.M. et al.. Fossil Record 3. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 53. pp. 475–483. http://www.robertmsullivanphd.com/uploads/172._Sullivan_et_al__Melvius__COLOR.pdf.
Carr, T.D.; Williamson, T.E. (2010). "Bistahieversor sealeyi, gen. et sp. nov., a new tyrannosauroid from New Mexico and the origin of deep snouts in Tyrannosauroidea". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1080/02724630903413032. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02724630903413032.
Burns, M.E. & Sullivan, R.M. (2011). "A New Ankylosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin, with Comments on the Diversity of Ankylosaurids in New Mexico". in Sullivan, R.M. et al.. Late Cretaceous vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin. 53. pp. 169–177. http://www.robertmsullivanphd.com/uploads/162._Burns_and_Sullivan__Ahshislepelta__COLOR.pdf.
Sullivan, R.M.; Jasinski, S.E. & Lucas, S.G. (2013). "Re-Assessment of Late Campanian (Kirtlandian) Turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA". in Brinkman, D.B. et al.. Morphology and Evolution of Turtles. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. 337. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_20. http://www.stevenjasinski.com/uploads/27_-_Sullivan_et_al__2012__Re-Assessment_of_Late_Campanian__Kirtlandian__Turtles_from_Upper_Cretaceous_Fruitland.pdf.
Sankey, J.T. (2008). "Vertebrate Paleoecology from microsites, Talley Mountain, upper Aguja Formation (Late Cretaceous), Big Bend National Park, Texas". in Sankey, J.T.; Baszio, S.. Vertebrate Microfossil Assemblages Their Role in Paleoecology and Paleobiogeography. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34927-9. http://geology.csustan.edu/julia/pdf/sankey-big-bend.pdf.

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