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HandWiki. Free Recall. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32777 (accessed on 25 September 2026).
HandWiki. Free Recall. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32777. Accessed September 25, 2026.
HandWiki. "Free Recall" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32777 (accessed September 25, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 04). Free Recall. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32777
HandWiki. "Free Recall." Encyclopedia. Web. 04 November, 2022.
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Free recall is a common task in the psychological study of memory. In this task, participants study a list of items on each trial, and then are prompted to recall the items in any order. Items are usually presented one at a time for a short duration, and can be any of a number of nameable materials, although traditionally, words from a larger set are chosen. The recall period typically lasts a few minutes, and can involve spoken or written recall. The standard test involves the recall period starting immediately after the final list item; this can be referred to as immediate free recall (IFR) to distinguish it from delayed free recall (DFR). In delayed free recall, there is a short distraction period between the final list item and the start of the recall period. Both IFR and DFR have been used to test certain effects that appear during recall tests, such as the primacy effect and recency effect.
free recall
memory
primacy effect
References
- Murdock, Bennet B. (1962). "The serial position effect of free recall". Journal of Experimental Psychology 64 (5): 482–488.
- Hogan, Robert M.; Hogan, Mary M. (1975). "Structural and transient components of memory". Memory & Cognition Vol. 3. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/BF03212899.pdf.
- Greene, Robert L. (1986). "Sources of recency effects in free recall". Psychological Bulletin 99 (2): 221–28.
- Waugh, Nancy C. (1961). "Free versus serial recall". Journal of Experimental Psychology 62 (5): 496–502.
- Kahana, Michael J. (1996). "Associative retrieval processes in free recall". Memory & Cognition 24: 103–9.
- Healey, M. K., Long, N. M., & Kahana, M. J. (2019). Contiguity in episodic memory. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 26(3), 699-720.
- Dallet, Kent M. (1963). "Practice effects in free and ordered recall". Journal of Experimental Psychology 66 (1): 65–71
- Haberlandt, Karl (2011), Kreutzer, Jeffrey S.; DeLuca, John; Caplan, Bruce, eds., "Free Recall" (in en), Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology (New York, NY: Springer): pp. 1079–1080, doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1124, ISBN 978-0-387-79948-3, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1124, retrieved 2021-04-20
- Emilien, Gérard (2004). Alzheimer Disease : Neuropsychology and Pharmacology. Cécile Durlach, Kenneth Lloyd Minaker, Bengt Winblad, Serge Gauthier, Jean-Marie Maloteaux. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel. ISBN 978-3-0348-7842-5. OCLC 840290225. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/840290225.
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