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HandWiki. Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32524 (accessed on 14 October 2026).
HandWiki. Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32524. Accessed October 14, 2026.
HandWiki. "Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32524 (accessed October 14, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 02). Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32524
HandWiki. "Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer." Encyclopedia. Web. 02 November, 2022.
Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Physics:Gravity_Field_and_Steady-State_Ocean_Circulation_Explorer

The Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) was the first of ESA's Living Planet Programme satellites intended to map in unprecedented detail the Earth's gravity field. The spacecraft's primary instrumentation was a highly sensitive gravity gradiometer consisting of three pairs of accelerometers which measured gravitational gradients along three orthogonal axes. Launched on 17 March 2009, GOCE mapped the deep structure of the Earth's mantle and probed hazardous volcanic regions. It brought new insight into ocean behaviour; this in particular, was a major driver for the mission. By combining the gravity data with information about sea surface height gathered by other satellite altimeters, scientists were able to track the direction and speed of geostrophic ocean currents. The low orbit and high accuracy of the system greatly improved the known accuracy and spatial resolution of the geoid (the theoretical surface of equal gravitational potential on the Earth). The satellite's unique arrow shape and fins helped keep GOCE stable as it flew through the thermosphere at a comparatively low altitude of 255 kilometres (158 mi). Additionally, an ion propulsion system continuously compensated for the variable deceleration due to air drag without the vibration of a conventional chemically powered rocket engine, thus limiting the errors in gravity gradient measurements caused by non-gravitational forces and restoring the path of the craft as closely as possible to a purely inertial trajectory. After running out of propellant, the satellite began dropping out of orbit and made an uncontrolled reentry on 11 November 2013.

ion propulsion accelerometers chemically

References

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  2. Drinkwater, Mark; Haagmans, Roger; Kern, Michael; Muzi, Danilo; Floberghagen, Rune (February 2008). "GOCE: Obtaining a Portrait of Earth's Most Intimate Features". Bulletin (European Space Agency) (133): 4–13. http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bulletin133/bul133b_drinkwater.pdf. 
  3. Drinkwater, M. R.; Floberghagen, R.; Haagmans, R.; Muzi, D.; Popescu, A. (July 2003). "GOCE: ESA's First Earth Explorer Core Mission". Space Science Reviews (Kluwer Academic) 108 (1–2): 419–432. doi:10.1023/A:1026104216284. Bibcode: 2003SSRv..108..419D. http://earth.esa.int/goce04/Documents/From-Sensors-to-Earth-Science_ISSI_Mar03.pdf. 
  4. Johannessen, J. A. et al. (July 2003). "The European Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer Satellite Mission: Its Impact on Geophysics". Surveys in Geophysics 24 (4): 339–386. doi:10.1023/B:GEOP.0000004264.04667.5e. Bibcode: 2003SGeo...24..339J. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2003/publication-493.pdf. 
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  13. Andrews, Robin George (23 November 2018). "Beneath Antarctica's Ice Is a Graveyard of Dead Continents". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/23/science/east-antarctica-supercontinent.html. Retrieved 13 March 2019. 
  14. Ebbing, Jörg; Haas, Peter; Ferraccioli, Fausto; Pappa, Folker; Szwillus, Wolfgang; Bouman, Johannes (5 November 2018). "Earth tectonics as seen by GOCE - Enhanced satellite gravity gradient imaging". Scientific Reports (Nature Research) 8 (1): 16356. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34733-9. PMID 30397250.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6218487
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  20. "ESA's gravity mission granted 18-month extension". European Space Agency. 25 November 2010. http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/GOCE/ESA_s_gravity_mission_granted_18-month_extension. 
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  23. Scuka, Daniel; Steiger, Christoph (18 October 2013). "GOCE fuel steadily runs out". European Space Agency. http://blogs.esa.int/rocketscience/2013/10/18/goce-fuel-steadily-runs-out/. Retrieved 11 November 2013. 
  24. "ESA's GOCE mission comes to an end" (Press release). European Space Agency. 21 October 2013. No. 33-2013. Retrieved 10 July 2017. http://www.esa.int/For_Media/Press_Releases/ESA_s_GOCE_mission_comes_to_an_end
  25. Scuka, Daniel; Steiger, Christoph (21 October 2017). "Update on GOCE". European Space Agency. http://blogs.esa.int/rocketscience/2013/10/21/update-on-goce/. Retrieved 10 July 2017. 
  26. Allman, Tim (9 November 2013). "'Don't panic': One-tonne satellite falling to Earth". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/science-environment-24879140/don-t-panic-one-tonne-satellite-falling-to-earth. Retrieved 11 November 2013. 
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  29. Scuka, Daniel; Klinkrad, Heiner (10 November 2013). "GOCE re-entry forecast from ESA's Space Debris Office". European Space Agency. http://blogs.esa.int/rocketscience/2013/11/10/goce-re-entry-forecast-from-esas-space-debris-office/. Retrieved 11 November 2013. 
  30. "GOCE gives into gravity". European Space Agency. 11 November 2013. http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/GOCE/GOCE_gives_in_to_gravity. Retrieved 11 November 2013. 
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