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HandWiki. List of Minerals (Complete). Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32506 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
HandWiki. List of Minerals (Complete). Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32506. Accessed September 22, 2026.
HandWiki. "List of Minerals (Complete)" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32506 (accessed September 22, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 02). List of Minerals (Complete). In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32506
HandWiki. "List of Minerals (Complete)." Encyclopedia. Web. 02 November, 2022.
List of Minerals (Complete)
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Earth:List_of_minerals_(complete)

Mineralogy is an active science in which minerals are discovered or recognised on a regular basis. Use of old mineral names is also discontinued, for example when a name is no longer considered valid. Therefore, a list of recognised mineral species is never complete. Minerals are distinguished by various chemical and physical properties. Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various species. Within a mineral species there may be variation in physical properties or minor amounts of impurities that are recognized by mineralogists or wider society as a mineral variety. The International Mineralogical Association (IMA) is the international group that recognises new minerals and new mineral names. However, minerals discovered before 1959 did not go through the official naming procedure. Some minerals published previously have been either confirmed or discredited since that date. This list contains a mixture of mineral names that have been approved since 1959 and those mineral names believed to still refer to valid mineral species (these are called "grandfathered" species). Presently, each year about 90-110 new mineral species (the sum of all mutations c. 120/year) are officially approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) of the International Mineralogical Association. The IMA/CNMNC administrates c. 6,500 names, and (As of January 2018), the Handbook of Mineralogy lists 4,507 species. (As of March 2018), the IMA Database of Mineral Properties/ Rruff Project lists 5,312 valid species (IMA/CNMNC) of a total of 5,525 minerals. There are 1,289 Pre-IMA minerals. (As of April 2011), the Webmineral.com website lists 2,722 published and approved (IMA/CNMNC) minerals, 81 discredited minerals (IMA/CNMNC status; Michael Fleischer discredited around thousand species in his lifetime), 2,691 synonyms and 123 "not approved" names. (As of November 2018), the IMA - CNMNC Master List of Minerals lists 5,413 valid minerals, including c. 1,166 pre-IMA minerals (grandfathered), c. 272 approved minerals but without a published description yet and c. 99 questionable minerals. Due to the length of this list, it is divided into alphabetical groups. The minerals are sorted by name.

classification physical properties new mineral species

References

  1. "Minerals approved in 2010". IMA/ CNMNC. http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/newminerals2010.pdf. Retrieved 10 March 2012. 
  2. Frank C. Hawthorne, Roberta Oberti, George E. Harlow, Walter V. Maresch, Robert F. Martin, John C. Schumacher, Mark D. Welch (2012). "Nomenclature of the amphibole supergroup". American Mineralogist 97 (11–12): 2031–2048. doi:10.2138/am.2012.4276.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2138%2Fam.2012.4276
  3. Nickel, Ernest H.; Grice, Joel D. (1998). "The IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names: Procedures and Guidelines on Mineral Nomenclature, 1998". The Canadian Mineralogist 36. http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/cnmmn98.pdf. 
  4. Nickel E H, Nichols M C (2007). IMA/CNMNC List of Mineral Names : draft. Materials Data, Inc.. http://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/MINERALlist.pdf. 
  5. Nickel E H, Nichols M C (2009). IMA/CNMNC List of Mineral Names. Materials Data, Inc.. http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/IMA2009-01%20UPDATE%20160309.pdf. 
  6. "IMA Mineral List". RRUFF Database. http://rruff.info/about/about_IMA_list.php. 
  7. Burke E A J (2006). "A mass discreditation of GQN minerals". The Canadian Mineralogist 44 (6): 1557–1560. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.44.6.1557.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2113%2Fgscanmin.44.6.1557
  8. de Fourestier, Jeffrey (2002). "The Naming of Mineral Species Approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association: A Brief History". The Canadian Mineralogist 40 (6): 1721–1735. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.40.6.1721.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2113%2Fgscanmin.40.6.1721
  9. "The New IMA List of Minerals (September 2012)". IMA-CNMNC. http://nrmima.nrm.se//IMA_Master_List_(2012-09).pdf. 
  10. MinDat - Hatrurite http://www.mindat.org/min-1828.html
  11. Levinson A A (1966). "A system of nomenclature for rare-earth minerals". American Mineralogist 51: 152–158. 
  12. Nickel, E H; Mandarino, J A (1987). "Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature". American Mineralogist 72: 1031–1042. 
  13. Burke E A J (2008). "Tidying up mineral names: an IMA-CNMNC scheme for suffixes, hyphens and diacritical marks". The Mineralogical Record 39: 131–135. http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/tidyingupnames.pdf. 
  14. Armbruster, Thomas (2002). "Revised nomenclature of högbomite, nigerite, and taafeite minerals". European Journal of Mineralogy 14 (2): 389–395. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2002/0014-0389. http://www.krist.unibe.ch/pdf/2002/hognomen.pdf. 
  15. Bindi, L; Evain M; Spry P G; Menchetti S (2007). "The pearceite-polybasite group of minerals: crystal chemistry and new nomenclature rules". American Mineralogist 92 (5–6): 918–925. doi:10.2138/am.2007.2440.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2138%2Fam.2007.2440
  16. Darrell J. Henry; Milan Novák; Frank C. Hawthorne; Andreas Ertl; Barbara L. Dutrow; Pavel Uher; Federico Pezzotta (2011). "Nomenclature of the tourmaline-supergroup minerals". American Mineralogist 96 (5–6): 895–913. doi:10.2138/am.2011.3636. http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/henry%20et%20al%202011%20tourmaline%20tomenclature.pdf. 
  17. Frédéric Hatert, Stuart J. Mills, Marco Pasero and Peter A. Williams (2013). "CNMNC guidelines for the use of suffixes and prefixes in mineral nomenclature, and for the preservation of historical names". European Journal of Mineralogy 25: 113–115. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2013/0025-2267. http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/Hatert%20et%20al%20CNMNC%20guidelines%20for%20suffixes%20(2).pdf. 
  18. "Nomenclature of the apatite supergroup minerals". European Journal of Mineralogy 22 (2): 163–179. 2010. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2010/0022-2022.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1127%2F0935-1221%2F2010%2F0022-2022
  19. "Missing Minerals". Elements 3: 360. 2007. http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/missingminerals.doc. 
  20. "Recommended nomenclature of epidote-group minerals". European Journal of Mineralogy 18 (5): 551–567. 2006. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0551.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1127%2F0935-1221%2F2006%2F0018-0551
  21. Hatert F, Mills S J, Pasero M, Williams P A (2013). "CNMNC guidelines for the use of suffixes and prefixes in mineral nomenclature, and for the preservation of historical names". European Journal of Mineralogy 25: 113–115. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2013/0025-2267.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1127%2F0935-1221%2F2013%2F0025-2267
  22. Hålenius U, Hatert F, Pasero M, Mills S J (2015). "IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) Newsletter 26. New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2015". Mineralogical Magazine 79 (4): 941–947. doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.4.05.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1180%2Fminmag.2015.079.4.05
  23. Michael Fleischer (August 1966). "Index of New Mineral Names, Discredited Minerals, and Changes of Mineralogical Nomenclature in Volumes 1-50 of The American Mineralogist". American Mineralogist (8): 1247–1336. 
  24. "Master List of IMA-approved minerals (May 2015)". IMA-CNMNC. http://nrmima.nrm.se//IMA_Master_List_2015-05.pdf. 
  25. "Mineral Names, Redefinitions & Discreditations Passed by the CNMMN of the IMA". Aleph Enterprises. 9 February 2004. http://rruff.info/data_files/sample/file_1669.pdf. 
  26. Mindat.org - Tohdite http://www.mindat.org/min-29353.html
  27. Mindat.org - Tellurocanfieldite http://www.mindat.org/min-42786.html
  28. Argentit (German) http://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/MineralData?lang=en&language=english&mineral=Argentit
  29. Mindat.org - Schapbachite http://www.mindat.org/min-3558.html
  30. Hey, M H (1982). "International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names". Mineralogical Magazine 46 (341): 513–514. doi:10.1180/minmag.1982.046.341.25.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1180%2Fminmag.1982.046.341.25
  31. Walenta K, Bernhardt H J, Theye T (2004). "Cubic AgBiS2 (schapbachite) from the Silberbrünnle mine near Gengenbach in the Central Black Forest, Germany". Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte 2004 (9): 425–432. doi:10.1127/0028-3649/2004/2004-0425.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1127%2F0028-3649%2F2004%2F2004-0425
  32. Yoshinaga, N.; Aomine, S. (1962). "Allophane in some Ando soils". Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 8 (2): 6–13. doi:10.1080/00380768.1962.10430983. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110001719463/en. 
  33. Yoshinaga, N.; Aomine, S. (1962). "Imogolite in some Ando soils". Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 8 (3): 22–29. doi:10.1080/00380768.1962.10430993. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110001719472. 
  34. Hey, M.H. (1967). "International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names". Mineralogical Magazine 36 (277): 133. doi:10.1180/minmag.1967.036.277.20. http://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/MM36_131.pdf. 
  35. Wada, Koji; Yoshinaga, Naganori (January–February 1969). "The structure of "Imogolite"". The American Mineralogist 54: 50–71. http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM54/AM54_50.pdf. Retrieved 13 March 2012. 
  36. Bailey, S. W. (1971). "Summary of national and international recommendations on clay mineral nomenclature: Clays and Clay Minerals". Clays and Clay Minerals 19 (2): 131. doi:10.1346/ccmn.1971.0190210.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1346%2Fccmn.1971.0190210
  37. Fleischer, M. (1983). Glossary of Mineral Species. Tucson, AZ: Mineralogical Record. 
  38. Bayliss, P. (1987). "Mineralogical notes: mineral nomenclature: imogolite". Mineralogical Magazine 51 (360): 327. doi:10.1180/minmag.1987.051.360.18. http://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/MM51_327.pdf. 
  39. Mindat https://www.mindat.org/min-647.html
  40. Sokolova, E., Hawthorne, F. C., Abdu, Y.A., Genovese, A. & Cámara, F. (2015). "Reapproval of betalomonosovite as a valid mineral species: single-crystal X-ray diffraction, HRTEM, Raman and IR". Periodico di Mineralogia ECMS2015: 157–158. 
  41. Mineralienatlas https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/MineralData?mineral=Jichengite
  42. Yu, Z., Hao, Z., Wang, H., Yin, S., Cai, J. (2011). "Jichengite 3CuIr2S4·(Ni,Fe)9S8, a New Mineral, and Its Crystal Structure". Acta Geologica Sinica 85 (5): 1022–1027. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00537.x.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1755-6724.2011.00537.x
  43. Mindat https://www.mindat.org/min-42618.html
  44. Back, Malcolm E. (2014). Fleischer's Glossary of Mineral Species (11 ed.). Tucson AZ: Mineralogical Record Inc.. pp. 434. 
  45. Back, Malcolm E.; Mandarino, Joseph A. (2008). Fleischer's Glossary of Mineral Species (10 ed.). Tucson AZ: Mineralogical Record Inc.. pp. 345. 
  46. MinDat - Tiragalloite http://www.mindat.org/min-3974.html
  47. MinDat - Grenmarite http://www.mindat.org/min-27516.html
  48. Whitney, D.L. (2002). "Coexisting andalusite, kyanite, and sillimanite: Sequential formation of three Al2SiO5 polymorphs during progressive metamorphism near the triple point, Sivrihisar, Turkey". American Mineralogist 87 (4): 405–416. doi:10.2138/am-2002-0404.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2138%2Fam-2002-0404
  49. Mindat.org - Chloromagnesite http://www.mindat.org/min-1022.html
  50. Mindat.org - Zinkosite http://www.mindat.org/min-4418.html
  51. Mindat.org - Biotite http://www.mindat.org/min-677.html
  52. No Webmineral reference
  53. Handbookofmineralogy - Biotite http://www.handbookofmineralogy.com/pdfs/biotite.pdf
  54. Rieder, Milan, Cavazzini, Giancarlo, D'yakonov, Yurii S., Frank-Kamenetskii, Viktor A. (1998). "Nomenclature of the micas (IMA/CNMMN Mica Group Subcommittee Report)". Canadian Mineralogist 36: 905–912. http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/IMA/ima98(10).pdf. 
  55. Mindat.org - Chabazite http://www.mindat.org/min-956.html
  56. No Webmineral reference
  57. Handbookofmineralogy - Chabazite http://www.handbookofmineralogy.com/pdfs/chabazite.pdf
  58. Mindat.org - Dachiardite http://www.mindat.org/min-1212.html
  59. Webmineral - Dachiardite http://www.webmineral.com/data/Dachiardite.shtml
  60. No Handbook of Mineralogy reference
  61. Mindat.org - Heulandite http://www.mindat.org/min-1889.html
  62. No Webmineral reference
  63. Handbookofmineralogy - Heulandite http://www.handbookofmineralogy.com/pdfs/heulandite.pdf
  64. Mindat.org - Pyrochlore http://www.mindat.org/min-3316.html
  65. Webmineral - Pyrochlore http://www.webmineral.com/data/Pyrochlore.shtml
  66. Handbookofmineralogy - Pyrochlore http://www.handbookofmineralogy.com/pdfs/pyrochlore.pdf
  67. Mindat.org - Roméite http://www.mindat.org/min-3443.html
  68. Webmineral - Roméite http://www.webmineral.com/data/Rom%E9ite.shtml
  69. Handbookofmineralogy - Roméite http://www.handbookofmineralogy.com/pdfs/romeite.pdf
  70. Mindat.org - Betafite http://www.mindat.org/min-649.html
  71. Webmineral - Betafite http://www.webmineral.com/data/Betafite.shtml
  72. Handbookofmineraology - Betafite http://www.handbookofmineralogy.com/pdfs/betafite.pdf
  73. Mindat.org - Microlite group http://www.mindat.org/min-2705.html
  74. Mindat.org - Elsmoreite group http://www.mindat.org/min-40371.html
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