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HandWiki. FFAG Accelerator. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32335 (accessed on 25 September 2026).
HandWiki. FFAG Accelerator. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32335. Accessed September 25, 2026.
HandWiki. "FFAG Accelerator" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32335 (accessed September 25, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 01). FFAG Accelerator. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32335
HandWiki. "FFAG Accelerator." Encyclopedia. Web. 01 November, 2022.
FFAG Accelerator
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Physics:FFAG_accelerator

A Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient accelerator (FFAG) is a circular particle accelerator concept on which development was started in the early 50s, and that can be characterized by its time-independent magnetic fields (fixed-field, like in a cyclotron) and the use of strong focusing (alternating gradient, like in a synchrotron). Thus, FFAG accelerators combine the cyclotron's advantage of continuous, unpulsed operation, with the synchrotron's relatively inexpensive small magnet ring, of narrow bore. Although the development of FFAGs had not been pursued for over a decade starting from 1967, it has regained interest since the mid-1980s for usage in neutron spallation sources, as a driver for muon colliders and to accelerate muons in a neutrino factory since the mid-1990s. The revival in FFAG research has been particularly strong in Japan with the construction of several rings. This resurgence has been prompted in part by advances in RF cavities and in magnet design.

cyclotron particle accelerator ffag

References

  1. Lawrence W. Jones, Kent M. Terwilliger, A Small Model Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Radial Sector Accelerator, Technical Report MURA-LWJ/KMT-5 (MURA-104), April 3, 1956; contains photos, scale drawings and design calculations. http://inspirehep.net/record/38999/files/MURA-104.pdf
  2. Jones, L. W. (1991). "Kent M. Terwilliger; graduate school at Berkeley and early years at Michigan, 1949–1959". Kent M. Terwilliger memorial symposium, 13−14 Oct 1989. AIP Conference Proceedings. 237. pp. 1–21. doi:10.1063/1.41146.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1063%2F1.41146
  3. US patent 2932797, Keith R. Symon, "Imparting Energy to Charged Particles", issued 1960-04-12  https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US2932797
  4. Jones, L. W.; Sessler, A. M.; Symon, K. R. (2007). "A Brief History of the FFAG Accelerator". Science 316 (5831): 1567. doi:10.1126/science.316.5831.1567. PMID 17569845.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.316.5831.1567
  5. US patent 2932798, Donald William Kerst and Keith R. Symon, "Imparting Energy to Charged Particles", issued 1960-04-12  https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US2932798
  6. US patent 2890348, Tihiro Ohkawa, "Particle Accelerator", issued 1959-06-09  https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US2890348
  7. Schopper, Herwig F. (1993). Advances in Accelerator Physics. World Scientific. p. 529. ISBN 9789810209582. https://books.google.com/books?id=v9SoaCWFgigC&pg=PA529. 
  8. E. M. Rowe and F. E. Mills, Tantalus I: A Dedicated Storage Ring Synchrotron Radiation Source, Particle Accelerators, Vol. 4 (1973); pages 211-227. http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1107919/files/p211.pdf
  9. F. C. Cole, Ed., 12.5 GeV FFAG Accelerator, MURA report (1964)
  10. Cole, F. T.; Parzen, G.; Rowe, E. M.; Snowdon, S. C.; MacKenzie, K. R.; Wright, B. T. (1963). "Design of a 720 MeV Proton FFAG Accelerator". Proc. International Conference on Sector-Focused Cyclotrons and Meson Factories. http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/c63/papers/cyc63g05.pdf. 
  11. Snowdon, S.; Christian, R.; Rowe, E.; Curtis, C.; Meier, H. (1985). "Design Study of a 500 MeV FFAG Injector". Proc. 5th International Conference on High Energy Accelerators (Frascati). http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4453496. 
  12. Jones, L.; Mills, F.; Sessler, A.; Symon, K.; Young, D. (2010). Innovation was not enough: a history of the Midwestern Universities Research Association (MURA). World Scientific. ISBN 9789812832832. https://books.google.com/books?id=Bn7Z4VVB9uUC&pg=PP1. 
  13. Khoe, T.K.; Kustom, R.L. (August 1983). "ASPUN, Design for an Argonne Super Intense Pulsed Neutron Source". IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (IEEE) 30 (4): 2086–2088. doi:10.1109/tns.1983.4332724. Bibcode: 1983ITNS...30.2086K. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4332724/. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 
  14. Meads, P.; Wüstefeld, G. (October 1985). "An FFAG Compressor and Accelerator Ring Studied for the German Spallation Neutron Source". IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (IEEE) 32 (5 (part II)): 2697–2699. doi:10.1109/TNS.1985.4334153. Bibcode: 1985ITNS...32.2697M. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4334153/. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 
  15. "Argonne History: Understanding the Physical Universe". Argonne National Laboratory. Archived from the original on 9 September 2004. https://web.archive.org/web/20040909173546/http://www.anl.gov/Science_and_Technology/History/Anniversary_Frontiers/physhist.html. 
  16. "COSY - Fundamental research in the field of hadron, particle, and nuclear physics". Institute for Nuclear Physics. http://www.fz-juelich.de/ikp/EN/Forschung/Beschleuniger/_doc/COSY.html. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 
  17. Wüstefeld, G. (14 May 1984). "2nd Jülich Seminar on Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Accelerators (FFAG)". Jülich. http://jdsweb.jinr.ru/record/38097. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 
  18. Craddock, M.K. (2005). "New Concepts in FFAG Design for Secondary Beam Facilities and Other Applications". http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/p05/papers/foac003.pdf. Retrieved 12 February 2012. 
  19. "Previous Workshops". BNL. https://www.bnl.gov/ffag14/pastWorkshops.php. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 
  20. Martin, S.; Meads, P.; Wüstefeld, G.; Zaplatin, E.; Ziegler, K. (13 October 1992). "Study of FFAG Options for a European Pulsed Neutron Source (ESS)". Proc. XIII National Accelerator Conference, Dubna, Russia. https://accelconf.web.cern.ch/accelconf/c92/papers/xii-02.pdf. 
  21. Zaplatin, E. (24 March 1992). "Fourth Accelerator Meeting for the EPNS". European Particle Accelerator Conference (Berlin: CERN). 
  22. M. Aiba et al. (2000). "Development of a FFAG Proton Synchrotron". European Particle Accelerator Conference (Vienna: CERN). 
  23. Meads, P. F.; Wüstefeld, G. (1985). "An FFAG Compressor and Accelerator Ring Studied for the German Spallation Neutron Source". Proceedings of PAC 1985 / IEEE Trans Nucl. Sci. NS-32 p. 2697. http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/accelconf/p85/pdf/pac1985_2697.pdf. 
  24. Abdelsalam, M.; Kustom, R. (July 1994). Superconducting magnet design for Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient (FFAG) Accelerator. 30. IEEE. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/305816/. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 
  25. S. A. Martin et al (24 May 1993). "FFAG Studies for a 5 MW Neutron Source". International Collaboration on Advanced Neutron Sources (ICANS) (Abingdon-on-Thames). 
  26. D. Trbojevic, E. Keil, A. Sessler. "Non-Scaling Fixed Field Gradient Accelerator (FFAG) Design for the Proton and Carbon Therapy". http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/P1251-cd/papers/65.pdf. 
  27. Particle Accelerators. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1962. ISBN 1114443840. 
  28. Typical Designs of High Energy FFAG Accelerators, International Conference on High Energy Accelerators, CERN-1959, pp 82-88.
  29. Edgecock, R. (2008). "EMMA, The World's First Non-scaling FFAG". Proc. European Particle Accelerator Conference 2008. http://cern.ch/AccelConf/e08/papers/thpp004.pdf. 
  30. S. Machida et al, Nature Physics vol 8 issue 3 pp 243-247
  31. Brooks, S. (2013). "Vertical orbit excursion fixed field alternating gradient accelerators". Physical Review Special Topics: Accelerators and Beams 16. doi:10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.16.084001. Bibcode: 2013PhRvS..16h4001B. http://journals.aps.org/prstab/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.16.084001. 
  32. Peach, K (11 March 2013). "Conceptual design of a nonscaling fixed field alternating gradient accelerator for protons and carbon ions for charged particle therapy". Phys Rev ST Accel Beams 16. doi:10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.16.030101. Bibcode: 2013PhRvS..16c0101P. https://journals.aps.org/prab/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.16.030101. 
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