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HandWiki. Astrooceanography. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32226 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
HandWiki. Astrooceanography. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32226. Accessed September 22, 2026.
HandWiki. "Astrooceanography" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32226 (accessed September 22, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 01). Astrooceanography. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32226
HandWiki. "Astrooceanography." Encyclopedia. Web. 01 November, 2022.
Astrooceanography
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Astronomy:Astrooceanography

Astrooceanography is the study of oceans outside planet Earth. Unlike other planetary sciences like astrobiology, astrochemistry and planetary geology, it only began after the discovery of underground oceans in Saturn's Titan and Jupiter's Ganymede. This field remains speculative until further missions reach the oceans beneath the rock or ice layer of the moons. There are many theories about oceans or even ocean worlds of celestial bodies in the Solar System, from oceans made of diamond in Neptune to a gigantic ocean of liquid hydrogen that may exist underneath Jupiter's surface. Early in their geologic histories, Mars and Venus are theorized to have had large water oceans. The Mars ocean hypothesis suggests that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was once covered by water, and a runaway greenhouse effect may have boiled away the global ocean of Venus. Compounds such as salts and ammonia dissolved in water lower its freezing point so that water might exist in large quantities in extraterrestrial environments as brine or convecting ice. Unconfirmed oceans are speculated beneath the surface of many dwarf planets and natural satellites; notably, the ocean of the moon Europa is estimated to have over twice the water volume of Earth. The Solar System's giant planets are also thought to have liquid atmospheric layers of yet to be confirmed compositions. Oceans may also exist on exoplanets and exomoons, including surface oceans of liquid water within a circumstellar habitable zone. Ocean planets are a hypothetical type of planet with a surface completely covered with liquid. Astrooceanography is closely related to Astrobiology, as oceans are expected to have higher chances to house simple forms of life.

astrobiology exoplanets global ocean

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