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HandWiki. History of Virology. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32100 (accessed on 23 September 2026).
HandWiki. History of Virology. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32100. Accessed September 23, 2026.
HandWiki. "History of Virology" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32100 (accessed September 23, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 31). History of Virology. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32100
HandWiki. "History of Virology." Encyclopedia. Web. 31 October, 2022.
History of Virology
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The history of virology — the scientific study of viruses and the infections they cause – began in the closing years of the 19th century. Although Louis Pasteur and Edward Jenner developed the first vaccines to protect against viral infections, they did not know that viruses existed. The first evidence of the existence of viruses came from experiments with filters that had pores small enough to retain bacteria. In 1892, Dmitry Ivanovsky used one of these filters to show that sap from a diseased tobacco plant remained infectious to healthy tobacco plants despite having been filtered. Martinus Beijerinck called the filtered, infectious substance a "virus" and this discovery is considered to be the beginning of virology. The subsequent discovery and partial characterization of bacteriophages by Frederick Twort and Félix d'Herelle further catalyzed the field, and by the early 20th century many viruses had been discovered. In 1926, Thomas Milton Rivers defined viruses as obligate parasites. Viruses were demonstrated to be particles, rather than a fluid, by Wendell Meredith Stanley, and the invention of the electron microscope in 1931 allowed their complex structures to be visualised.

virology complex structures electron microscope

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