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HandWiki. Annus Mirabilis Papers. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32015 (accessed on 15 October 2026).
HandWiki. Annus Mirabilis Papers. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32015. Accessed October 15, 2026.
HandWiki. "Annus Mirabilis Papers" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32015 (accessed October 15, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 31). Annus Mirabilis Papers. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32015
HandWiki. "Annus Mirabilis Papers." Encyclopedia. Web. 31 October, 2022.
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The Annus mirabilis papers (from Latin annus mīrābilis, "miracle year") are the papers of Albert Einstein published in the Annalen der Physik scientific journal in 1905. These four articles contributed substantially to the foundation of modern physics and changed views on space, time, mass, and energy. The annus mirabilis is often called the "miracle year" in English or Wunderjahr in German. The first paper elucidated the theory of the photoelectric effect; the second paper explained Brownian motion; the third paper introduced special relativity; and the fourth, mass-energy equivalence. Together, these papers substantially advanced the field of modern physics.
photoelectric
modern physics
annalen
References
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- Stachel, John, Einstein's Miraculous Year (1905), pp. liv-lxiii http://www.esterson.org/Stachel_Joffe.htm
- Calaprice, Alice, "The Einstein almanac". Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland 2005.
- The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Series 6, volume 2, page 1 (1901)
- "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921" (in en-US). https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1921/summary/.
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- Einstein, Albert (1905). "Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt" (in de). Annalen der Physik 17 (6): 132–148. doi:10.1002/andp.19053220607. Bibcode: 1905AnP...322..132E. http://www.zbp.univie.ac.at/dokumente/einstein1.pdf. Retrieved 2017-01-15. English translations: Einstein, Albert. "On a Heuristic Point of View about the Creation and Conversion of Light". http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/files/eins_lq.pdf. Einstein, Albert. "On a Heuristic Point of View about the Creation and Conversion of Light". https://en.wikisource.org/?curid=59468.
- Physical systems can display both wave-like and particle-like properties
- Einstein, Albert (1905). "Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen" (in de). Annalen der Physik 322 (8): 549–560. doi:10.1002/andp.19053220806. Bibcode: 1905AnP...322..549E. http://www.zbp.univie.ac.at/dokumente/einstein2.pdf. Retrieved 2017-01-15. English translation: Einstein, Albert. "Investigations on the theory of Brownian Movement". http://users.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/files/eins_brownian.pdf.
- Nye, M. (1972). Molecular Reality: A Perspective on the Scientific Work of Jean Perrin. London: MacDonald. ISBN 0-356-03823-8.
- Einstein, Albert (1905-06-30). "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper" (in de). Annalen der Physik 17 (10): 891–921. doi:10.1002/andp.19053221004. Bibcode: 1905AnP...322..891E. http://www.zbp.univie.ac.at/dokumente/einstein3.pdf. Retrieved 2017-01-15. See also a digitized version at Wikilivres:Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper. English translations: Einstein, Albert (1923). "The Principle of Relativity". The Principle of Relativity. London: Methuen and Company, Ltd.. http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/www/. Einstein, Albert (1920). "The Principle of Relativity: Original Papers by A. Einstein and H. Minkowski". The Principle of Relativity: Original Papers by A. Einstein and H. Minkowski. University of Calcutta. pp. 1–34. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/On_the_Electrodynamics_of_Moving_Bodies.
- Einstein, Albert (1905). "Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?" (in de). Annalen der Physik 18 (13): 639–641. doi:10.1002/andp.19053231314. Bibcode: 1905AnP...323..639E. http://www.zbp.univie.ac.at/dokumente/einstein4.pdf. Retrieved 2017-01-15. English translations: Einstein, Albert (1923). "The Principle of Relativity". The Principle of Relativity. London: Methuen and Company, Ltd. http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/E_mc2/www/.
- Bodanis, David (2009). E=mc2: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation (illustrated ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8027-1821-1. https://books.google.be/books?id=8TX2tFLZ7gYC.
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