Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Submitted Successfully!
Thank you for your contribution! You can also upload a video entry or images related to this topic. For video creation, please contact our Academic Video Service.
Version Summary Created by Modification Content Size Created at Operation
1 handwiki Camila Xu -- 3111 2022-10-28 01:33:01

Video Upload Options

We provide professional Academic Video Service to translate complex research into visually appealing presentations. Would you like to try it?
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
HandWiki. Paper. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31893 (accessed on 14 September 2026).
HandWiki. Paper. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31893. Accessed September 14, 2026.
HandWiki. "Paper" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31893 (accessed September 14, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 30). Paper. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31893
HandWiki. "Paper." Encyclopedia. Web. 30 October, 2022.
Paper
Edit

Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. It is a versatile material with many uses, including writing, printing, packaging, cleaning, decorating, and a number of industrial and construction processes. Papers are essential in legal or non-legal documentation. The pulp papermaking process is said to have been developed in China during the early 2nd century CE, possibly as early as the year 105 CE, by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BCE in China. The modern pulp and paper industry is global, with China leading its production and the United States right behind it.

cellulose pulp pulp and paper industry papermaking process

References

  1. Tsien 1985, p. 38
  2. Burns 1996, pp. 417f.
  3. Murray, Stuart A. P. The Library: An illustrated History. Skyhorse Publishing, 2009, p. 57.
  4. Burger, Peter (2007). Charles Fenerty and his paper invention. Toronto: Peter Burger. pp. 25–30. ISBN 9780978331818. OCLC 173248586. http://www.charlesfenerty.ca/book.html. 
  5. Göttsching, Lothar; Gullichsen, Johan; Pakarinen, Heikki; Paulapuro, Hannu; Yhdistys, Suomen Paperi-Insinöörien; Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (2000). Recycling fiber and deinking. Finland: Fapet Oy. pp. 12–14. ISBN 9525216071. OCLC 247670296. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247670296. 
  6. πάπυρος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpa%2Fpuros
  7. papyrus, on Oxford Dictionaries https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/papyrus
  8. "papyrus". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/papyrus. 
  9. Natural Resource Defense Council http://www.nrdc.org/
  10. (in en) Appropriate Technology. Intermediate Technology Publications.. 1996. https://books.google.com/books?id=SHiQAAAAIAAJ&q=pulps+may+contain+fillers+such+as+chalk+or+china+clay&dq=pulps+may+contain+fillers+such+as+chalk+or+china+clay&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjs0pmchdHUAhUU6WMKHQOUCNgQ6AEIJDAA. 
  11. Thorn, Ian; Au, Che On (2009-07-24) (in en). Applications of Wet-End Paper Chemistry. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9781402060380. https://books.google.com/books?id=zp0_a909uyIC&pg=PA203&dq=Besides+the+fibres,+paper+pulps+may+contain+fillers+such+as+chalk+or+china+clay,+which+improve+its+characteristics&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjGpu7pp_rWAhXL31QKHaHlB9wQ6AEIMzAC. 
  12. "Document Doubles" in a virtual museum exhibition at Library and Archives Canada http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/forgery/
  13. "The World’s Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information", especially Supporting online material, Martin Hilbert and Priscila López (2011), Science, 332(6025), 60–65; free access to the article through here: martinhilbert.net/WorldInfoCapacity.html doi:10.1126/science.1200970 http://science.sciencemag.org/content/332/6025/60
  14. "Lynette Schweigert" (in en). NEA. 2015-11-05. https://www.arts.gov/50th/stories/lynette-schweigert. 
  15. "Herminia Albarrán Romero" (in en). NEA. 2013-01-24. https://www.arts.gov/honors/heritage/fellows/herminia-albarr%C3%A1n-romero. 
  16. Morris (August-September 2018). "Material Values, Paper". The Economist 1843: 38. 
  17. "Paper Thickness (Caliper) Chart" (in en-US). http://www.casepaper.com/resources/charts/paper-thickness-caliper/. 
  18. Elert, Glenn. "Thickness of a Piece of Paper" (in en). http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/JuliaSherlis.shtml. 
  19. McKenzie, Bruce G. (1989). The Hammerhill guide to desktop publishing in business. Hammerhill. p. 144. ISBN 9780961565114. OCLC 851074844. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/851074844. 
  20. "Density of paper and paperboard". PaperOnWeb. http://www.paperonweb.com/density.htm. Retrieved 31 October 2007. 
  21. Johnson, Arthur (1978) (in en). The Thames and Hudson manual of bookbinding. London: Thames and Hudson. OCLC 959020143. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/959020143. 
  22. Biermann, Christopher J/ (1993). Essentials of pulping and papermaking. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 012097360X. OCLC 813399142. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/813399142. 
  23. Clark, James d'A. (1985). Pulp Technology and Treatment for Paper (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Miller Freeman Publications. ISBN 0-87930-164-3. 
  24. Fabbri, Claudia; Bietti, Massimo; Lanzalunga, Osvaldo. "Generation and Reactivity of Ketyl Radicals with Lignin Related Structures. On the Importance of the Ketyl Pathway in the Photoyellowing of Lignin Containing Pulps and Papers". J. Org. Chem. 2005 (70): 2720–2728. doi:10.1021/jo047826u.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fjo047826u
  25. Erhardt, D.; Tumosa, C. (2005). "Chemical Degradation of Cellulose in Paper over 500 years". Restaurator: International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material 26: 155. doi:10.1515/rest.2005.26.3.151.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1515%2Frest.2005.26.3.151
  26. "The Deterioration and Preservation of Paper: Some Essential Facts". Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/preservation/care/deterioratebrochure.html. Retrieved 7 January 2015. "Research by the Library of Congress has demonstrated that cellulose itself generates acids as it ages, including formic, acetic, lactic, and oxalic acids" 
  27. Martin, Sam (2004). "Paper Chase". Ecology Communications, Inc.. Archived from the original on 19 June 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070619104819/http://www.ecology.com/feature-stories/paper-chase/index.html. Retrieved 21 September 2007. 
  28. EPA (28 June 2006). "General Overview of What's in America's Trash". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120105015733/http://www.epa.gov/osw/wycd/catbook/what.htm. Retrieved 4 April 2012. 
  29. Groll, T. 2015 In vielen Büros wird unnötig viel ausgedruckt, Zeit Online, 20 June 2015. http://www.zeit.de/karriere/2015-06/papier-enerige-sparen-unternehmen
  30. "Effluents from Pulp Mills using Bleaching – PSL1". ISBN:0-662-18734-2 DSS. Health Canada. 1991. https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/canadian-environmental-protection-act-priority-substances-list-assessment-report-effluents-pulp-mills-using-bleaching.html. Retrieved 21 September 2007.  Pdf
  31. "Dioxins and their effects on human health". World Health Organization. June 2014. http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dioxins-and-their-effects-on-human-health. Retrieved 7 January 2015. "More than 90% of human exposure is through food" 
  32. PaperFoam Carbon Friendly Packaging http://www.paperfoam.com/
  33. Barrier compositions and articles produced with the compositions cross-reference to related application https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=WO&NR=2006002346&KC=&FT=E&locale=en_EP
More
Upload a video for this entry
Information
Subjects: Others
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
View Times: 11.0K
Entry Collection: HandWiki
Revision: 1 time (View History)
Update Date: 30 Oct 2022
Notice
You are not a member of the advisory board for this topic. If you want to update advisory board member profile, please contact office@encyclopedia.pub.
OK
Confirm
Only members of the Encyclopedia advisory board for this topic are allowed to note entries. Would you like to become an advisory board member of the Encyclopedia?
Yes
No
${ textCharacter }/${ maxCharacter }
Submit
Cancel
There is no comment~
${ textCharacter }/${ maxCharacter }
Submit
Cancel
${ selectedItem.replyTextCharacter }/${ selectedItem.replyMaxCharacter }
Submit
Cancel
Confirm
Are you sure to Delete?
Yes No
Academic Video Service