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HandWiki. Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31789 (accessed on 03 October 2026).
HandWiki. Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31789. Accessed October 03, 2026.
HandWiki. "Mūlamadhyamakakārikā" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31789 (accessed October 03, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 28). Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31789
HandWiki. "Mūlamadhyamakakārikā." Encyclopedia. Web. 28 October, 2022.
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Religion:M%C5%ABlamadhyamakak%C4%81rik%C4%81

The Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (Sanskrit: मूलमध्यमककारिका, Root Verses on the Middle Way), abbreviated as MMK, is the foundational text of the Madhyamaka school of Mahāyāna Buddhist philosophy. It was composed by the Indian philosopher Nāgārjuna (approximately around 150 CE). The MMK makes use of reductio arguments to show how all phenomena (dharmas) are empty of svabhava (which has been variously translated as essence, own-being, or inherent existence). The MMK is widely regarded as one of the most influential and widely studied texts in the history of Buddhist philosophy. The MMK had a major impact on the subsequent development of Buddhist thought, especially in Tibetan Buddhism and East Asian Buddhism.

मूलमध्यमककारिका mūlamadhyamakakārikā sanskrit

References

  1. Westerhoff (2019), p. 89.
  2. Mark Siderits; Shoryu Katsura. "Introduction" (in en). Nāgārjuna's Middle Way. Wisdom Publications. ISBN 978-1-61429-050-6. 
  3. Walser (2005), p. 43.
  4. Westerhoff (2019), pp. 109-111.
  5. Westerhoff (2019), pp. 101-102.
  6. Shì hùifēng (2013), “Dependent Origination = Emptiness”—Nāgārjuna’s Innovation? An Examination of the Early and Mainstream Sectarian Textual Sources, p. 26. JCBSSL VOL. XI
  7. Kalupahana (1991). p. 10.
  8. Westerhoff (2019), p. 105.
  9. Siderits and Katsura (2013), p. 2.
  10. Siderits and Katsura (2013), p. 5.
  11. Siderits and Katsura (2013), p. 7.
  12. Siderits and Katsura (2013), p. 13.
  13. Siderits and Katsura (2013), p. 18.
  14. Mark Siderits; Shoryu Katsura. "25. Analysis of nirvana" (in en). Nagarjuna's Middle Way. Wisdom Publications. pp. 305. ISBN 978-1-61429-050-6. 
  15. Garfield (1995), pp. 91-92.
  16. Ames, William L. (1993). "Bhāvaviveka's Prajñāpradīpa – A Translation of Chapter One: 'Examinations of Causal Conditions' (Pratyaya)". Journal of Indian Philosophy, 1993, vol.21. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, p.209
  17. Westerhoff (2019), p. 122.
  18. Westerhoff (2019), p. 121.
  19. Westerhoff (2019) p. 89.
  20. Westerhoff (2009), pp. 9-10.
  21. Thomas McEvilley, The Shape of Ancient Thought 2002 pp 499-505
  22. Matthew Neale Madhyamaka and Pyrrhonism 2014 https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:347ed882-f7ac-4098-908f-5bb391462a6c/download_file?file_format=pdf&safe_filename=THESIS01&type_of_work=Thesis
  23. Adrian Kuzminski, Pyrrhonism: How the Ancient Greeks Reinvented Buddhism 2008
  24. C. W. Huntington, Jr., The nature of the Madhyamika trick, J Indian Philos (2007) 35:103–131 DOI 10.1007/s10781-007-9018-4
  25. Siderits, Mark, Studies in Buddhist philosophy, p 38.
  26. Garfield 1995.
  27. Napper 1989.
  28. Hopkins 1996.
  29. Westerhoff, Jan, Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka: A Philosophical Introduction, Oxford University Press; 1 edition (February 23, 2009), p. 208.
  30. Garfield 1995, p. 3.
  31. Garfield 1995, p. 40.
  32. Garfield 1995, p. 61.
  33. Garfield 1995, p. 304.
  34. Malik, A., Survey of Buddhist Temples and Monasteries (New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 2007), p. 56.
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