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HandWiki. Perturbation. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31772 (accessed on 03 October 2026).
HandWiki. Perturbation. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31772. Accessed October 03, 2026.
HandWiki. "Perturbation" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31772 (accessed October 03, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 28). Perturbation. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31772
HandWiki. "Perturbation." Encyclopedia. Web. 28 October, 2022.
Perturbation
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In astronomy, perturbation is the complex motion of a massive body subjected to forces other than the gravitational attraction of a single other massive body. The other forces can include a third (fourth, fifth, etc.) body, resistance, as from an atmosphere, and the off-center attraction of an oblate or otherwise misshapen body.

gravitational attraction complex motion astronomy

References

  1. Moulton (1914): ch. IX
  2. Newton in 1684 wrote: "By reason of the deviation of the Sun from the center of gravity, the centripetal force does not always tend to that immobile center, and hence the planets neither move exactly in ellipses nor revolve twice in the same orbit. Each time a planet revolves it traces a fresh orbit, as in the motion of the Moon, and each orbit depends on the combined motions of all the planets, not to mention the action of all these on each other. But to consider simultaneously all these causes of motion and to define these motions by exact laws admitting of easy calculation exceeds, if I am not mistaken, the force of any human mind." (quoted by Prof G E Smith (Tufts University), in "Three Lectures on the Role of Theory in Science" 1. Closing the loop: Testing Newtonian Gravity, Then and Now); and Prof R F Egerton (Portland State University, Oregon) after quoting the same passage from Newton concluded: "Here, Newton identifies the "many body problem" which remains unsolved analytically." http://google.com/search?q=cache:8RItNNOcJJoJ:www.stanford.edu/dept/cisst/SmithPowerpointTalk1.ppt
  3. Roy (1988): ch. 6, 7.
  4. Bate, Mueller, White (1971): p. 387; sec. 9.4.3, p. 410.
  5. Bate, Mueller, White (1971), pp. 387–409.
  6. See, for instance, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Development Ephemeris.
  7. Cowell, P. H.; Crommelin, A. C. D. (1910). "Investigation of the Motion of Halley's Comet from 1759 to 1910". Greenwich Observations in Astronomy (Bellevue, for His Majesty's Stationery Office: Neill & Co.) 71: O1. Bibcode: 1911GOAMM..71O...1C.  http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1911GOAMM..71O...1C
  8. Danby, J.M.A. (1988). Fundamentals of Celestial Mechanics (second ed.). Willmann-Bell, Inc.. ISBN 0-943396-20-4. , chapter 11.
  9. Herget, Paul (1948). The Computation of Orbits. privately published by the author. , p. 91 ff.
  10. Encke, J. F. (1854). Über die allgemeinen Störungen der Planeten. pp. 319–397. https://books.google.com/books?id=t5VCAQAAMAAJ. 
  11. Battin (1999), sec. 10.2.
  12. Bate, Mueller, White (1971), sec. 9.3.
  13. Roy (1988), sec. 7.4.
  14. see references at Stability of the Solar System
  15. Don Yeomans (1997-04-10). "Comet Hale–Bopp Orbit and Ephemeris Information". JPL/NASA. http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/comet/ephemjpl8.html. 
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