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HandWiki. Epoch (Reference Date). Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31703 (accessed on 23 September 2026).
HandWiki. Epoch (Reference Date). Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31703. Accessed September 23, 2026.
HandWiki. "Epoch (Reference Date)" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31703 (accessed September 23, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 28). Epoch (Reference Date). In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31703
HandWiki. "Epoch (Reference Date)." Encyclopedia. Web. 28 October, 2022.
Epoch (Reference Date)
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In the fields of chronology and periodization, an epoch is an instant in time chosen as the origin of a particular era. The "epoch" then serves as a reference point from which time is measured. Time measurement units are counted from the epoch so that the date and time of events can be specified unambiguously. Events taking place before the epoch can be dated by counting negatively from the epoch, though in pragmatic periodization practice, epochs are defined for the past, and another epoch is used to start the next era, therefore serving as the ending of the older preceding era. The whole purpose and criteria of such definitions are to clarify and co-ordinate scholarship about a period, at times, across disciplines. Epochs are generally chosen to be convenient or significant by a consensus of the time scale's initial users, or by authoritarian fiat. The epoch moment or date is usually defined by a specific clear event, condition, or criterion—the epoch event or epoch criterion—from which the period or era or age is usually characterized or described.

periodization chronology epoch

References

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  4. Dershowitz, Nachum; Reingold, Edward M. (2008). Calendrical Calculations (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-0-521-70238-6. 
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  10. This article uses a 24-hour clock, so 11:59:27.816 is equivalent to 11:59:27.816 AM.
  11. Proleptic Gregorian calendar
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  14. Chen, Raymond (March 6, 2009). "Why is the Win32 epoch January 1, 1601?". MSDN Blogs. http://blogs.msdn.com/oldnewthing/archive/2009/03/06/9461176.aspx. 
  15. "What happened in 1841?". M Technology and MUMPS Language FAQ, Part 1/2. Archived from the original on August 28, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150828234407/http://www.vmth.ucdavis.edu/m/m_faq1.htm. Retrieved August 14, 2015. 
  16. "Introduction to the Google Sheets API". https://developers.google.com/sheets/guides/concepts#datetime_serial_numbers. 
  17. Spolsky, Joel. "Why are the Microsoft Office file formats so complicated? (And some workarounds)". http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2008/02/19.html. Retrieved March 8, 2009. 
  18. "Time Management". https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/w4ddyt9h.aspx. 
  19. "What is story behind December 30, 1899 as base date?". https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/office/en-US/f1eef5fe-ef5e-4ab6-9d92-0998d3fa6e14#360aa1df-ca93-45b9-b1fe-2e49f00f68e5. 
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  21. "MacTech – The journal of Apple technology.". http://www.mactech.com/articles/develop/issue_26/minow.html. 
  22. Mark Pick, International Spectrum Conference April 2010
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  26. AmigaOS measures time in seconds and stores it in a signed 32 bit integer. After January 19, 2046, 03:14:07 the date will be negative. Latest OS version 4.1 (2016) has no fix for this.
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  30. "PostgreSQL 9.1.24 Documentation. Chapter 8: Data Types. 8.5. Date/Time Types". http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/datatype-datetime.html. "Note: When timestamp values are stored as eight-byte integers (currently the default), microsecond precision is available over the full range of values. […] timestamp values are stored as seconds before or after midnight 2000-01-01." 
  31. Be aware that the Epoch function return the unix Epoch SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE '1970-01-01 00:00:00-00'); returns 0
  32. "ZigBee Cluster Library Specification". Section 2.5.2.21 UTCTime. https://www.scribd.com/document/58909727/075366r01ZB-AFG-ZigBee-Cluster-Library-Public-Download-Version. 
  33. Dershowitz, Nachum; Reingold, Edward (2008). Calendrical Calculations (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. xxi, xxvi. ISBN 978-0-521-70238-6. 
  34. Subirana, J. Sanz; Zornoza, J.M. Juan; Hernández-Pajares, M. (2011). "Time References in GNSS". European Space Agency. http://www.navipedia.net/index.php/Time_References_in_GNSS. 
  35. "GNSS Timescale Description Galileo". United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs. 2016. Section 5d. http://www.unoosa.org/pdf/icg/2016/gst2016.pdf. 
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