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HandWiki. Sami Drum. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31517 (accessed on 24 September 2026).
HandWiki. Sami Drum. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31517. Accessed September 24, 2026.
HandWiki. "Sami Drum" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31517 (accessed September 24, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 27). Sami Drum. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31517
HandWiki. "Sami Drum." Encyclopedia. Web. 27 October, 2022.
Sami Drum
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Engineering:Sami_drum

A Sami drum is a shamanic ceremonial drum in the culture of the Sami people of Northern Europe. Sami ceremonial drums have two types: a bowl drum in which the drumhead is strapped over a burl, and a frame drum in which the drumhead stretches over a thin ring of bentwood. Both variations are oval-shaped. The drumhead is fashioned from reindeer hide. In Sami shamanism, the noaidi – the Sami shaman – used the drum to get into a trance, or to obtain information from the future or about other places. The drum was held in one hand, and operated with the other hand. While the noaidi was in trance, his free spirit left his body to visit the spiritual world or other places. When used for divination purposes, the drum was used together with a drum hammer and an vuorbi (index or pointer) made of brass or horn. Answers could be interpreted from where the vuorbi stopped on the membrane, and at which symbols. The patterns on the drum membrane reflect the world view of the owner and his family, both in religious and worldly matters, such as reindeer herding, hunting, householding and relations to their neighbours and to the non-Sami community. Many drums were taken out of their use and Sami ownership during the 18th century. A large number of drums were confiscated by Sami missionaries and other officials as a part of an intensified Christian mission towards the Sami. Other drums were bought by collectors. Between 70 and 80 drums are preserved; the largest collection of drums is at the Nordic Museum, Stockholm.

worldly shamanism shaman

References

  1. Anonymous 1723/1903
  2. Kjellström & Rydving 1998
  3. Solbakk 2012
  4. Lars Ivar Hansen and Bjørnar Olsen. Samenes historie, fram til 1750. Cappelen, 2004. ISBN:978-82-02-19672-1
  5. Pareli 2010
  6. The drum in the web exhibition «Sami faith and mythology»; from Várjjat Sámi Musea http://www.saivu.com/web/index.php?sladja=77&vuolitsladja=85&giella1=eng
  7. Trumman; samer.se http://www.samer.se/1209
  8. "Finnene", from Historia Norvegiæ http://www.love.is/roald/histnorvegia.htm
  9. Brita Pollan 2002
  10. Karin Granqvist. «Till vem ger du din själ, berättelsen om Lars Nilsson på liv och död». In: Fordom då alla djur kunde tala… – samisk tro i förändring. Åsa Virdi Kroik (ed). Rosima förlag, 2001. ISBN:91-973517-1-7.
  11. Westman and Utsi 1998
  12. Johannes Schefferus (1621 - 1679) in the web exhibit «The Northern Lights Route» Tromsø University Library, 1999 http://www.ub.uit.no/northernlights/eng/schefferus.htm
  13. Mebius 2007
  14. Kuoljok and Kuhmunen 2014
  15. Beskrifning öfwer de til Sweriges Krona lydande Lapmarker; fulltext at Runeberg.org http://runeberg.org/lapmarker/
  16. Manker 1938
  17. Westman 2001
  18. Original swedish quote: «Trummans figurer visar den värld man rörde sig i. Här finns de viktigaste djuren avbildade; vild- och tamrenen, rovdjuren som hotar dem. Här blir näringarnas tydliga; jakten, fisket med båt och nät och renskötseln. Fjäll och sjöar syns. Människor, gudar och gudinnor, liksom vistet [leirplassen] med kåtor och förrådsbodar. Figurerna visar och den främmande religionen och samhället som börjat tränga på. Kyrkor och hus vittnar om den til av omvälvning som många levde i.»
  19. Louise Bäckman said that they «tecknade utifrån sin egen föreställingsvärld», quoted by Kroik 2007
  20. The private website thuleia.com has an overview over Shaman´s drum symbols in Scandinavia, slightly different from Kjellström and Rydving categories. http://www.thuleia.com/shamandrum.html
  21. Liv Helene Willumsen. Dømt til ild og bål, trolldomsprosessene i Skottland og Finnmark. Orkana forlag, 2013. 978-82-8104-203-2. Chapter on Anders Paulsen, pages 336-353
  22. Manker 1950
  23. Rydving 2007
  24. Hammer til runebomme fra Nordset, Rendalen, Hedmark ; at Kulturhistorisk museum, Oslo http://www.khm.uio.no/om/tjenester/foto/presse/bilder-yngre-jernalder/Cf21939_12_C26831a_HM.jpg?vrtx=view-as-webpage
  25. Leif Pareli. «Runebommehammeren fra Rendalen : et minne etter samer i Sør-Norge i middelalderen?». In: Åarjel-saemieh, nr 4 (1991)
  26. Leif Pareli. «En samisk fortid i Rendalen?» In: Reindriftsnytt; nr 4, 2005 (pdf) http://www.reindrift.no/asset/659/1/659_1.pdf
  27. Samer i Sør-Trøndelag og Hedmark i førhistorisk tid. In: NOU 2007: 14 Samisk naturbruk og retts-situasjon fra Hedmark til Troms http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/jd/dok/nouer/2007/nou-2007-14/9.html?id=584330
  28. Trumhammare; digitaltmuseum.se http://digitaltmuseum.se/search?query=trumhammare
  29. Anonymous in Qvigstad 1903
  30. Utdrag fra Relation om lappernes vildfarelser og overtro (1715) på Roald E. Kristiansens nettside Samisk religion. http://www.love.is/roald/iolsen.html
  31. Kroik 2007
  32. Manker 1938/1950; as quoted by Kjellström & Rydving 1998
  33. Kristensen 2012
  34. Excerpt from Norriges oc omliggende Øers sandfærdige Bescriffuelse (1632) at Roald E. Kristiansen's website Samisk religion. http://www.love.is/roald/friis.htm
  35. Ragnhild Myrstad (1996). Bjørnegraver i Nord-Norge: spor etter den samiske bjørnekulten. Tromsø University, section of archeology. (Stensilserie B; 46) http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2008081100031
  36. As quoted by Mebius 2007
  37. Aage Solbakk. «Samisk mytologi og folkemedisin = Noaidevuohta ja álbmotmedisiidna = Sámi mythology and folk medicine». In: Árbevirolaš máhttu ja dahkkivuoigatvuohta = Tradisjonell kunnskap og opphavsrett. Published by Sámikopiija, Karasjok, 2007. (pdf) http://www.samikopiija.org/govat/doc/art_aas.pdf
  38. May-Lisbeth Myrhaug (1997). I modergudinnens fotspor: samisk religion med vekt på kvinnelige kultutøvere og gudinnekult [In the footprints of the mother goddess, Sami religion with an emphasis on female agents and goddesses]. Pax forlag. ISBN:82-530-1866-5 http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2010061108053
  39. Ahlbäck, Tore; Bergman, Jan (1991). The Saami Shaman Drum: based on papers read at the Symposium on the Saami Shaman Drum held at Åbo, Finland, on the 19th-20th of August 1988. Donner Institute for Research in Religious and Cultural History. p. 108. ISBN 9789516498594. https://books.google.com/books?id=7PPVXhqa2HoC. Retrieved 16 August 2012. 
  40. British Museum Collection https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?searchText=sami+drum+wood
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