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HandWiki. Tomatine. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31358 (accessed on 15 September 2026).
HandWiki. Tomatine. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31358. Accessed September 15, 2026.
HandWiki. "Tomatine" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31358 (accessed September 15, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 26). Tomatine. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31358
HandWiki. "Tomatine." Encyclopedia. Web. 26 October, 2022.
Tomatine
Edit

Tomatine (sometimes called tomatin or lycopersicin) is a glycoalkaloid, found in the stems and leaves of tomato plants, and in the fruits at much lower concentrations. Chemically pure tomatine is a white crystalline solid at standard temperature and pressure. Tomatine is sometimes confused with the glycoalkaloid solanine, which is found in potatoes.

glycoalkaloid lycopersicin solanine

References

  1. "Tomatoes Culinary History – Resource – Smart Kitchen – Online Cooking School". http://smartkitchen.com/resources/tomato-s-culinary-history. 
  2. Andrew F. Smith; The tomato in America: Early History, Culture, and Cookery; University of South Carolina Press, 1994; 112. 
  3. Fontaine, T. D.; Irving, G. W., Jr.; Ma, R.; Poole, J. B.; Doolittle, S. P; Isolation and partial characterization of crystalline tomatine, an antibiotic agent from the tomato plant; Arch. Biochem. 1948; 18, 467-475.
  4. Fontaine, T. D., Ard, J. S., Ma, R. M.; Tomatidine, a steroid secondary amine; J. Am. Chem. SOC, 1951; 73, 878-879.
  5. Cárdenas, P.D.; Sonawane, P.D.; Heinig, U.; Bocobza, S.E.; Burdman, S.; Aharoni, A. (2015). "The bitter side of the nightshades: Genomics drives discovery in Solanaceae steroidal alkaloid metabolism". Phytochemistry 113: 24–32. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.010. PMID 25556315.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.phytochem.2014.12.010
  6. Cárdenas, P.D.; Sonawane, P.D.; Heinig, U.; Bocobza, S.E.; Burdman, S.; Aharoni, A. (2015). "The bitter side of the nightshades: Genomics drives discovery in Solanaceae steroidal alkaloid metabolism". Phytochemistry 113: 24–32. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.010. PMID 25556315.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.phytochem.2014.12.010
  7. Jones, Nigel A.; Nepogodiev, Sergey A.; Field, Robert A. (2005). "Efficient synthesis of methyl lycotetraoside, the tetrasaccharide constituent of the tomato defence glycoalkaloid α-tomatine". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 3 (17): 3201–6. doi:10.1039/B508752J. PMID 16106302.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1039%2FB508752J
  8. Milner, Sinead Eileen, et al. "Bioactivities of glycoalkaloids and their aglycones from Solanum species." Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 59.8 (2011): 3454-3484.
  9. Friedman, Mendel; Tomato glycoalkaloids: role in the plant and in the diet; Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50.21, 2002; 5751-5780.
  10. Hoagland, Robert E.; Toxicity of tomatine and tomatidine on weeds, crops and phytopathogenetic fungi.; Allelopathy J 23.2, 2009; 425-436.
  11. Keukens, Erik AJ, et al; Dual specificity of sterol-mediated glycoalkaloid induced membrane disruption; Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1110.2, 1992; 127-136.
  12. Arneson, P.A., Durbin, R.D.; Studies on the Mode of Action of Tomatine as a Fungitoxic Agent.; USDA Pioneering Research Laboratory, 1967.
  13. Bushway, Rodney J., Sharon A. Savage, and Bruce S. Ferguson; Inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase by solanaceous glycoalkaloids and alkaloids; American Potato Journal 64.8, 1987; 
  14. Arneson, P. A., and R. D. Durbin.; Studies on the mode of action of tomatine as a fungitoxic agent.; Plant physiology 43.5, 1968; 683-686.
  15. Cayen, M. N. (1971). "Effect of dietary tomatine on cholesterol metabolism in the rat". Journal of Lipid Research 12 (4): 482–90. doi:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)39498-0. PMID 4362143. http://www.jlr.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=4362143. 
  16. Heal, K. G.; Taylor-Robinson, A. W. (2010). "Tomatine Adjuvantation of Protective Immunity to a Major Pre-erythrocytic Vaccine Candidate of Malaria is Mediated via CD8+ T Cell Release of IFN-γ". Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2010: 834326. doi:10.1155/2010/834326. PMID 20300588.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2837906
  17. Morris, S.C., Lee, T.H; The toxicity and teratogenicity of Solanaceae glycoalkaloids, particularly those of the potato (Solanum tuberosum): a review.; Food Techn. Aust., 1984; 118-124.
  18. Rick, C. M.; Uhlig, J. W.; Jones, A. D. (1994). "High alpha-tomatine content in ripe fruit of Andean Lycopersicon esculentum var. Cerasiforme: Developmental and genetic aspects". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91 (26): 12877–12881. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.26.12877. PMID 7809139. Bibcode: 1994PNAS...9112877R.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=45543
  19. Rick, C. M., Uhlig, J. W., Jones, A. D.; High R-tomatine content in ripe fruit of Andean Lycopersicon esculentum Var. cerasiforme: developmental and genetic aspects.; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1994; 91, 12877-12881.
  20. McGee, Harold (July 29, 2009). "Accused, Yes, but Probably Not a Killer". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/29/dining/29curi.html. 
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