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References

1. Heber, Rabbi Dovid. "A Traveller's Guide To The International Dateline". Star-k.org. http://www.star-k.org/articles/kashrus-kurrents/493/a-travelers-guide-to-the-international-dateline/. Retrieved 26 April 2016. 
2. Shurpin, Rabbi Yehuda. "The Sabbath, the International Date Line and Jewish Law". Chabad-Lubavitch. http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1736567/jewish/. Retrieved 26 April 2016. 
3. The International Dateline in Halacha (Star-K)(map), 170 kB http://www.star-k.org/articles/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/IDL_Map.pdf
4. Rabbeinu Zecharya Halevi, Baal Hameor, Tractate Rosh Hashana, 20b
5. To be precise, at a point 1.11 km east of Xihu Rd. See location on OpenStreetMaps. https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=43.84%2C125.2#map=12/43.8400/125.1999
6. This is rejected by the Brisker Rav (see Pahmer, David (1990). "The International Date Line and Related Issues". RJJ Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society XXI: 60–83. http://download2.yutorah.org/1991/1053/735807.pdf. Retrieved 27 April 2016  at page 69), who rules that the use of this meridian is absolute.
7. Inter alia, Rabbis David Shapira, B. Rabinowitz Thumim, the Atzei Sodeh, and the Alai Yonah. These decisors do not necessarily rule identically to each other.[2][3]
8. Gewirtz, William L. (2012–13). "Zemannim: On the Introduction of New Constructs in Halakhah". The Torah U-Madda Journal 16: 153–172. 
9. Rabbi Shurpin[3]:Note 14 and Gewirtz[9]:Note 4 provide treatments as to how changes in the location of the International Date Line might affect its use as a de facto standard in Jewish Law.
10. Jewish Community of Japan, Jewish Community of Kansai http://www.jccjapan.or.jp/
11. Canterbury Hebrew Congregation, Auckland Hebrew Congregation http://www.chc.org.nz/
12. Congregation Sof Maarav, Jewish Congregation of Maui http://sofmaarav.org/
13. Harris, Andrew (July 28, 2010). "Shabbat in Tahiti paradise". The Australian Jewish News. http://www.jewishnews.net.au/shabbat-in-tahiti-paradise/14535. Retrieved 27 April 2016. 
14. The one arguable exception is Samoa, which moved from the east side of the International Date Line to the west side around New Year's Day 2012. The Jewish Telegraphic Agency located one relatively observant Jewish individual living on Samoa, who said at the time that he would follow the lead of local Seventh-Day Adventist churches and light Shabbat candles on Saturday night. (See Soclof, Adam (3 January 2012). "Samoa time warps into Shabbat". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. http://www.jta.org/2012/01/03/the-archive-blog/samoa-time-warps-into-shabbat. Retrieved 27 April 2016.)  However, the practice of a single individual may not be sufficient to establish a community practice in Jewish law.
15. See, as an anecdotal example, "The international dateline and halacha". http://jewishworker.blogspot.com/2005/09/international-dateline-and-halacha.html. Retrieved 27 April 2016;  search the page for "NZ".
16. Taken to a fully logical conclusion, no fixed date line means that anyone in a location without an established tradition of which day is Shabbat should always depend on his own personal count of days. It is not clear whether this can currently apply to someone traveling on his or her own to an island in the Western Pacific without an established tradition. (See, for example, Rabbi Shurpin [3] at the end of the section "The Samoa issue".) However, it seems clear that at minimum one construes an "established community" relatively broadly. So while Japan, for example, has only a scattered handful of synagogues, their uniform practice of observing Shabbat on Saturday seems sufficient to fix Saturday as the established day for Shabbat anywhere in Japan.
17. Heber, Rabbi Dovid. "How to Keep This Shabbos in Samoa? STAR-K Tells Us How (Samoa & Tokelau To Cross International Date Line)". http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/headlines-breaking-stories/113307/how-to-keep-this-shabbos-in-samoa-star-k-tells-us-how-samoa-tokelau-to-cross-international-date-line.html. Retrieved 27 April 2016. 
18. "International Dateline". http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.culture.religion.jewish.avodah/26561. Retrieved 27 April 2016. 
19. Ask the rabbi: Shabbat in space, Ohr Somayach, Jerusalem, 18 January 2003, https://ohr.edu/explore_judaism/ask_the_rabbi/ask_the_rabbi/637, retrieved 2017-04-18 
20. "Ilan Ramon", Jewish Virtual Library, February 2, 2003, http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ilan-ramon, retrieved 2017-04-18 
21. Warren Boroson (26 January 2015). "Jewish Astronauts". http://jewishstandard.timesofisrael.com/jewish-asttronauts/. Retrieved 1 November 2017.