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HandWiki. Super-Spreader. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31173 (accessed on 25 September 2026).
HandWiki. Super-Spreader. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31173. Accessed September 25, 2026.
HandWiki. "Super-Spreader" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31173 (accessed September 25, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 25). Super-Spreader. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31173
HandWiki. "Super-Spreader." Encyclopedia. Web. 25 October, 2022.
Super-Spreader
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Medicine:Super-spreader

A super-spreader is a host—an organism infected with a disease—that disproportionally infects more secondary contacts than other hosts who are also infected with the same disease. A sick human can be a super-spreader; they would be more likely to infect others than most people with the disease. Super-spreaders are thus of high concern in epidemiology (the study of the spread of diseases). Some cases of super-spreading conform to the 20/80 rule, where approximately 20% of infected individuals are responsible for 80% of transmissions, although super-spreading can still be said to occur when super-spreaders account for a higher or lower percentage of transmissions. In epidemics with super-spreading, the majority of individuals infect relatively few secondary contacts. Super-spreading events are shaped by multiple factors including a decline in herd immunity, nosocomial infections, virulence, viral load, misdiagnosis, airflow dynamics, immune suppression, and co-infection with another pathogen.

virulence epidemiology nosocomial

References

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  2. Z. Shen, F. Ning, W. Zhou, L.He, C. Lin, D. Chin, Z. Zhus, A. Schuchat. Superspreading events, Beijing, 2003. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Vol. 10, No. 2. Feb. 2004.
  3. Stein, Richard A. (August 2011). "Super-spreaders in infectious diseases". International Journal of Infectious Diseases 15 (8): e510–e513. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2010.06.020. PMID 21737332. "The minority of individuals who infect disproportionately more susceptible contacts, as compared to most individuals who infect few or no others, became known as super-spreaders, and their existence is deeply rooted in history: between 1900 and 1907, Typhoid Mary infected 51 individuals, three of whom died, even though she only had an asymptomatic infection.".  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijid.2010.06.020
  4. Cory, David C. Wiley, Amy C. (2013). Encyclopedia of School Health. Los Angeles, Calif.: SAGE. ISBN 9781412996006. "Historically, one of the most famous examples of super-spreading was that of Mary Mallon, better known as Typhoid Mary, who infected many contacts, several of whom died, through food she prepared and consequently contaminated, even thought she did not show symptoms." 
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  22. Geoffrey Mohan (August 14, 2013). "Typhoid Mary case may be cracked, a century later". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-typhoid-mary-20130814-story.html. Retrieved 2015-03-03. 
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