Compounds of Thorium

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Many compounds of thorium are known, this is because thorium and uranium are the most stable and accessible actinides and are the only actinides that can be studied safely and legally in bulk in a normal laboratory. As such, they have the best-known chemistry of the actinides, along with that of plutonium, as the self-heating and radiation from them is not enough to cause radiolysis of chemical bonds as it is for the other actinides. While the later actinides from americium onwards are predominantly trivalent and behave more similarly to the corresponding lanthanides, as one would expect from periodic trends, the early actinides up to plutonium (thus including thorium and uranium) have relativistically destabilised and hence delocalised 5f and 6d electrons that participate in chemistry in a similar way to the early transition metals of group 3 through 8: thus, all their valence electrons can participate in chemical reactions, although this is not common for neptunium and plutonium.

chemical bonds lanthanides thorium

References

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[Rn]6d2 is a very low-lying excited state configuration of Th2+.[3]
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Among the low number of other known thorium oxometallates are the arsenate, tungstate, germanate, silicate, borate, and perrhenate. While thorium titanates and tantalates are known, they are structurally more like double oxides than true oxometallates.[25]
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