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HandWiki. Thus Have I Heard. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31060 (accessed on 03 October 2026).
HandWiki. Thus Have I Heard. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31060. Accessed October 03, 2026.
HandWiki. "Thus Have I Heard" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31060 (accessed October 03, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 25). Thus Have I Heard. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31060
HandWiki. "Thus Have I Heard." Encyclopedia. Web. 25 October, 2022.
Thus Have I Heard
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Philosophy:Thus_have_I_heard

Thus have I heard (Pali: Evaṃ me suttaṃ; Sanskrit: Evaṃ mayā śrūtaṃ) is the common translation of the first line of the standard introduction (Pāli and Sanskrit: nidāna) of Buddhist discourses. This phrase serves to confirm that the discourse is coming from the Buddha himself, as a "seal of authenticity". Buddhist tradition maintains that the disciple Ānanda used the formula for the first time, as a form of personal testimony, but this is disputed by some scholars. It is also disputed how the phrase relates to the words that follow, and several theories have been developed with regard to how the text was originally intended to be read. The formula has also been used in later Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna discourses.

sanskrit authenticity pali

References

  1. Nanayakkara 1990, p. 174.
  2. Powers 2013, Evaṃ mayā śrutaṃ ekasmin samaye.
  3. Buswell & Lopez 2013, Saṃgītakāra.
  4. Keown 2004, p. 89.
  5. Buswell & Lopez 2013, Er xu.
  6. Buswell & Lopez 2013, Itivuttaka.
  7. Analayo 2007, p. 19.
  8. Przyluski 1940, p. 247, note 2.
  9. Nanayakkara 1990, pp. 174–5.
  10. Brough 1950, p. 424.
  11. Klaus 2007, p. 316.
  12. Brough 1950, p. 425.
  13. Klaus 2007, p. 319, "... durch Mitteilung durch Andere erworbenen wurde."
  14. Klaus 2007, pp. 319–20.
  15. Klaus 2007, p. 320–1.
  16. Lamotte 2005, p. 190.
  17. Nattier 2014, p. 39.
  18. Buswell & Lopez 2013, Evaṃ mayā śrutaṃ.
  19. Tola & Dragonetti 1999, p. 53.
  20. Analayo 2007, pp. 5–6.
  21. Allon 1997, p. 195.
  22. Allon 1997, pp. 195, 246.
  23. Tola & Dragonetti 1999, pp. 54–5.
  24. Nattier 2014, p. 39 note 4.
  25. Chen & Montoneri 2011, pp. 286–7.
  26. Brough 1950, pp. 418, 423.
  27. Klaus 2007, pp. 310–1.
  28. Klaus 2007, pp. 311–2.
  29. Klaus 2007, pp. 311–6.
  30. Galloway 1991, p. 101.
  31. Galloway 1997, p. 367.
  32. Tatz 1993, pp. 335–6.
  33. Galloway 1997, passim.
  34. Nattier 2014, p. 39, note 5.
  35. Klaus 2007, pp. 314–5.
  36. Nattier 2014, pp. 40–1, 53–4.
  37. The word order does not follow Chinese, but rather Indian syntax.[38]
  38. Skilton 2004, pp. 745–6.
  39. Walser 2005, p. 154.
  40. Williams 2009, p. 39.
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