Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Submitted Successfully!
Thank you for your contribution! You can also upload a video entry or images related to this topic. For video creation, please contact our Academic Video Service.
Version Summary Created by Modification Content Size Created at Operation
1 handwiki Camila Xu -- 1865 2022-10-25 01:36:17

Video Upload Options

We provide professional Academic Video Service to translate complex research into visually appealing presentations. Would you like to try it?
No, upload directly Yes
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
HandWiki. Cousin. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31053 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
HandWiki. Cousin. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31053. Accessed September 22, 2026.
HandWiki. "Cousin" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31053 (accessed September 22, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 25). Cousin. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31053
HandWiki. "Cousin." Encyclopedia. Web. 25 October, 2022.
Cousin
Edit
The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Social:Cousin

Most generally, in the lineal kinship system used in the English-speaking world, a cousin is a type of familial relationship in which two relatives are two or more familial generations away from their most recent common ancestor. Commonly, "cousin" refers to a first cousin – a relative of the same generation whose most recent common ancestor with the subject is a grandparent. Degrees and removals are separate measures used to more precisely describe the relationship between cousins. Degree measures the separation, in generations, from the most recent common ancestor(s) to a parent of one of the cousins (whichever is closest), while removal measures the difference in generations between the cousins themselves, relative to their most recent common ancestor(s). To illustrate usage, a second cousin is a cousin with a degree of two; there are three (not two) generations from the common ancestor(s). When the degree is not specified, first cousin is assumed. A cousin "once removed" is a cousin with one removal. When the removal is not specified, no removal is assumed. Various governmental entities have established systems for legal use that can precisely specify kinship with common ancestors any number of generations in the past; for example, in medicine and in law, a first cousin is a type of third-degree relative.

familial relationship familial lineal

References

  1. "Definition of Cousin by Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cousin. 
  2. King, Robert C.; Stansfield, William D. (2013). "Cousin". A Dictionary of Genetics. Oxford University Press. 8. 
  3. "What is a First Cousin, Twice Removed?". Genealogy.com. http://www.genealogy.com/articles/research/16_cousn.html. 
  4. "Genetic And Quantitative Aspects Of Genealogy – Types Of Collateral Relationships". Genetic-genealogy.co.uk. http://www.genetic-genealogy.co.uk/Toc115570138.html#Single_Cousins. 
  5. "Full cousin definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary" (in en). https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/full-cousin. 
  6. "Cousin-german definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary" (in en). https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cousin-german. 
  7. Vilas, Charles Harrison (1875). Genealogy of the Descendants of Peter Vilas. Madison, Wis: The editor. p. 17. https://books.google.com/books?id=wBFaAAAAMAAJ&q=cousin-&pg=PA17. 
  8. Harry Loewen (1988). Why I am a Mennonite: Essays on Mennonite identity. Herald Press. p. 286. ISBN 083613463X. "They seemed to treasure genetic relations in a way I had not encountered before, using such relational designations as "cousin-uncle." They spoke of Mennonite names, Mennonite food, Low German, Russian immigration." 
  9. "Overview cross-cousin". https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095649876. 
  10. Dr. Barry Starr (2015-01-13). "Relatedness". https://genetics.thetech.org/ask-a-geneticist/double-cousins-share-one-quarter-their-dna. 
  11. Jillynne Quinn (2014-01-09). "Relatedness". https://genetics.thetech.org/ask-a-geneticist/half-cousin-relatedness. 
  12. "Genetic And Quantitative Aspects Of Genealogy - Classification Of Relationships". http://www.genetic-genealogy.co.uk/Toc115570136.html. 
  13. "part 7 G4BB: World of Tinker-Toys". February 20, 2011. https://deepfriedhoodsiecups.wordpress.com/2011/02/20/2202011-g4bb-world-of-tinker-toys/. 
  14. "What Is a Step Cousin?". 4 August 2015. https://www.reference.com/world-view/step-cousin-f79762f39431ac31. 
  15. "cousin-in-law". https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cousin-in-law. 
  16. "Genetic And Quantitative Aspects Of Genealogy – CALCULATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF RELATIONSHIP". Genetic-genealogy.co.uk. http://www.genetic-genealogy.co.uk/Toc115570135.html#Single_Cousins. 
  17. Nature: When kissing cousins are good for kids - A little inbreeding might boost fertility. By Heidi Ledford. Date: Published online 7 February 2008. https://www.nature.com/news/2008/080207/full/news.2008.562.html
  18. The Conversation: What’s the genetic disease risk for children of related couples? Date: September 27, 2012. Source: Tiong Tan, Clinical Geneticist at Victorian Clinical Genetics Services and Researcher in Craniofacial Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute. https://theconversation.com/whats-the-genetic-disease-risk-for-children-of-related-couples-7599
  19. Helgason, A; Pálsson, S; Gudbjartsson, DF; Kristjánsson, T; Stefánsson, K (2008). "An association between the kinship and fertility of human couples". Science 319 (5864): 813–6. doi:10.1126/science.1150232. PMID 18258915. Bibcode: 2008Sci...319..813H.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1150232
  20. Science Daily: Third Cousins Have Greatest Number Of Offspring, Data From Iceland Shows. Date: February 8, 2008; Source: deCODE genetics. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080207140855.htm
  21. Kershaw, Sarah (26 November 2009). "Shaking Off the Shame". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/26/garden/26cousins.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1. 
  22. "Go Ahead, Kiss Your Cousin - DiscoverMagazine.com". http://discovermagazine.com/2003/aug/featkiss. 
  23. Bittles, Alan H. (May 2001). A Background Summary of Consanguineous Marriage (PDF) (Technical report). Edith Cowan University. http://www.consang.net/images/d/dd/01AHBWeb3.pdf
  24. Bittles, Alan H. (September 1994). "The Role and Significance of Consanguinity as a Demographic Variable". Population and Development Review 20 (3): 567. doi:10.2307/2137601.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2137601
  25. Bittles, Alan; Black, Michael (Sep 2009). "Consanguinity, human evolution, and complex diseases". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (suppl 1): 1779–86. doi:10.1073/pnas.0906079106. PMID 19805052.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2868287
  26. Dr. Alan Bittles; Dr. Michael Black. "Global prevalence". consang.net. http://www.consang.net/index.php/Global_prevalence. 
  27. Moore, Alexander (1998). Cultural Anthropology: The Field Study of Human Beings. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 216. ISBN 9780939693481. https://books.google.com/books?id=b5_aClwL9_sC. 
  28. "The Surprising Truth About Cousins and Marriage". 14 February 2014. http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2014/02/people-stop-thinking-appropriate-cousins-marry/. 
  29. Paul, Diane B.; Spencer, Hamish G. (23 December 2008). ""It's Ok, We're Not Cousins by Blood": The Cousin Marriage Controversy in Historical Perspective". PLOS Biology 6 (12): 2627–30. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060320. PMID 19108607.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2605922
  30. "Final Thoughts". https://www.cousincouples.com/?page=final. 
  31. Brandon Keim (23 December 2008). "Cousin Marriage OK by Science". Wired. https://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/12/cousinmarriage/. 
  32. Saletan, William (10 April 2002). "The Love That Dare Not Speak Its Surname". http://www.slate.com/id/2064227/. 
More
©Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons-Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) license; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.
Upload a video for this entry
Information
Subjects: Others
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
HandWiki
View Times: 6.5K
Entry Collection: HandWiki
Revision: 1 time (View History)
Update Date: 25 Oct 2022
Table of Contents
    Notice
    You are not a member of the advisory board for this topic. If you want to update advisory board member profile, please contact office@encyclopedia.pub.
    OK
    Confirm
    Only members of the Encyclopedia advisory board for this topic are allowed to note entries. Would you like to become an advisory board member of the Encyclopedia?
    Yes
    No
    ${ textCharacter }/${ maxCharacter }
    Submit
    Cancel
    There is no comment~
    ${ textCharacter }/${ maxCharacter }
    Submit
    Cancel
    ${ selectedItem.replyTextCharacter }/${ selectedItem.replyMaxCharacter }
    Submit
    Cancel
    Confirm
    Are you sure to Delete?
    Yes No
    Academic Video Service
    Feedback