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References

1. Monier-Williams 1899, p. 483.
2. Thomas William Rhys Davids; William Stede (1921). Pali-English Dictionary. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 324–325. ISBN 978-81-208-1144-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=0Guw2CnxiucC&pg=PA324. 
3. Peter Harvey (2015). Steven M. Emmanuel. ed. A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 26–31. ISBN 978-1-119-14466-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=P_lmCgAAQBAJ. 
4. Walpola Rahula 2007, Kindle Locations 542-550.
5. Sargeant 2009, p. 303.
6. Goldstein 2013, p. 289.
7. null
8. Walpola Rahula 2007, Kindle locations 524-528.
9. Prebish 1993.
10. Keown 2003.
11. Dalai Lama 1998, p. 38.
12. Gethin 1998, p. 61.
13. Smith & Novak 2009, Kindle location 2769.
14. Keown 2000, Kindle Locations 932-934.
15. Bhikkhu Bodhi 2011, p. 6.
16. Contemporary translators have used a variety of English words to translate the term dukkha; translators commonly use different words to translate aspects of the term. For example, dukkha has been translated as follows in many contexts: Suffering (Harvey, Williams, Keown, Anderson, Gombrich, Thich Nhat Hanh, Ajahn Succito, Chogyam Trungpa, Rupert Gethin, Dalai Lama, et al.) Pain (Harvey, Williams, Keown, Anderson, Huxter, Gombrich, et al) Unsatisfactoriness (Dalai Lama, Bhikkhu Bodhi, Rupert Gethin, et al.) Stress Thanissaro Bhikkhu([21][22] Sorrow Anguish Affliction (Brazier) Dissatisfaction (Pema Chodron, Chogyam Trunpa) Distress (Walpola Rahula) Frustration (Dalai Lama, Four Noble Truths, p. 38) Misery Anxiety (Chogyam Trungpa, The Truth of Suffering, pp. 8–10) Uneasiness (Chogyam Trungpa) Unease (Rupert Gethin) Unhappiness
17. The Four Noble Truths - By Bhikkhu Bodhi http://www.beyondthenet.net/dhamma/fourNoble.htm
18. Paul Williams: "All rebirth is due to karma and is impermanent. Short of attaining enlightenment, in each rebirth one is born and dies, to be reborn elsewhere in accordance with the completely impersonal causal nature of one's own karma. The endless cycle of birth, rebirth, and redeath, is samsara."[23]
19. See, e.g., Patrick Olivelle (1996), Upaniṣads (Oxford: Oxford University Press), ISBN:978-0-19-283576-5, p. xxxvi: "The scholarly consensus, well-founded I think, is that the Bṛhadāraṇyaka and the Chāndogya are the two earliest Upaniṣads.... The two texts as we have them are, in all likelihood, pre-Buddhist; placing them in the seventh to sixth centuries BCE may be reasonable, give or take a century or so."
20. Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 4 April 2014, trans. Patrick Olivelle (1996), p. 66.
21. Paul Deussen (1980). Sixty Upaniṣads of the Veda, Vol. 1. Motilal Banarsidass (Reprinted). pp. 482–485, 497. ISBN 978-81-208-1468-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=8mSpQo9q-tIC&pg=PR497. 
22. Robert Hume, Chandogya Upanishad, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads, Oxford University Press, pages 261-262 https://archive.org/stream/thirteenprincipa028442mbp#page/n281/mode/2up
23. Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Retrieved 16 May 2016 from "SanskritDocuments.Org" at Brihadaranyaka IV.iv.14, Original: इहैव सन्तोऽथ विद्मस्तद्वयं विद्मस् तद् वयम्न चेदवेदिर्महती विनष्टिः । ये तद्विदुरमृतास्ते भवन्त्य् अथेतरे दुःखमेवापियन्ति ॥ १४ ॥ http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_upanishhat/brinew-proofed.html?lang=sa
24. Paul Deussen (1980). Sixty Upaniṣads of the Veda. Motilal Banarsidass (Reprinted). pp. 188–189. ISBN 978-81-208-1468-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=8mSpQo9q-tIC. 
25. Max Muller translates Duḥkhatām in this verse as "pain".[26]
26. Chandogya Upanishad 7.26.2, trans. Patrick Olivelle (1996), p. 166.
27. This statement is comparable to the Pali Canon's Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta (SN 56.11) where sickness and death are identified as examples of dukkha.
28. Chandogya Upanishad 7,26.2. Retrieved 16 May 2016 from Wikisource छान्दोग्योपनिषद् ४ ॥ षड्विंशः खण्डः ॥, Quote: तदेष श्लोको न पश्यो मृत्युं पश्यति न रोगं नोत दुःखताँ सर्वँ ह पश्यः पश्यति सर्वमाप्नोति सर्वश इति । https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/छान्दोग्योपनिषद्_४
29. Paul Deussen (1980). Sixty Upaniṣads of the Veda, Vol. 1. Motilal Banarsidass (Reprinted). pp. 112, 161, 176, 198, 202–203, 235, 455, etc. ISBN 978-81-208-1468-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=8mSpQo9q-tIC. 
30. Paul Deussen (1980). Sixty Upaniṣads of the Veda, Vol. 1. Motilal Banarsidass (Reprinted). p. 326. ISBN 978-81-208-1468-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=8mSpQo9q-tIC&pg=PR326. 
31. Paul Deussen (1980). Sixty Upaniṣads of the Veda, Vol. 1. Motilal Banarsidass (Reprinted). p. 305. ISBN 978-81-208-1468-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=8mSpQo9q-tIC&pg=PR305. 
32. See Bhagavad Gita verses 2.56, 5.6, 6.22-32, 10.4, 13.6-8, 14.16, 17.9, 18.8, etc; [31]
33. Original Sanskrit: Samkhya karika Compiled and indexed by Ferenc Ruzsa (2015), Sanskrit Documents Archives;Second Translation (Verse 1): Ferenc Ruzsa (1997), The triple suffering - A note on the Samkhya karika, Xth World Sanskrit Conference: Bangalore, University of Hungary, Budapest;Third Translation (all Verses): Samkhyakarika of Iswara Krishna John Davis (Translator), Trubner, London, University of Toronto Archives http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_z_misc_major_works/IshvarakRiShNasAnkyakArikA.pdf
34. Samkhya karika by Iswara Krishna, Henry Colebrooke (Translator), Oxford University Press http://www.kouroo.info/kouroo/transclusions/18/37/1837_SankhyaKarikaHTColebrook.pdf
35. For a general discussion of the core Indian spiritual goal of developing transcendent "seeing," see, e.g., Hamilton, Sue (2000/2001), Indian Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction, (Oxford: Oxford U. Press), pp. 9-10, ISBN:978-0-19-285374-5.
36. Johannes Bronkhorst (2009). Buddhist Teaching in India. Wisdom Publications. pp. 23–25. ISBN 978-0-86171-811-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=fjU6AwAAQBAJ. 
37. Peter Harvey (2013). The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvana in Early Buddhism. Routledge. pp. 34, 38. ISBN 978-1-136-78336-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=SfPcAAAAQBAJ.