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HandWiki. Critical Depth. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30925 (accessed on 26 September 2026).
HandWiki. Critical Depth. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30925. Accessed September 26, 2026.
HandWiki. "Critical Depth" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30925 (accessed September 26, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 24). Critical Depth. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30925
HandWiki. "Critical Depth." Encyclopedia. Web. 24 October, 2022.
Critical Depth
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Biology:Critical_Depth

In biological oceanography, 'Critical Depth' is defined as a hypothesized surface mixing depth at which phytoplankton growth is precisely matched by losses of phytoplankton biomass within this depth interval. This concept is useful for understanding the initiation of phytoplankton blooms.

phytoplankton phytoplankton biomass mixing depth

References

  1. Gran, H. H.; Braarud, Trygve (1935). "A Quantitative Study of the Phytoplankton in the Bay of Fundy and the Gulf of Maine (including Observations on Hydrography, Chemistry and Turbidity)". Journal of the Biological Board of Canada 1 (5): 279–467. doi:10.1139/f35-012.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1139%2Ff35-012
  2. Sverdrup, H. U. (1953). "On Conditions for the Vernal Blooming of Phytoplankton". Journal du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 18: 287–295. doi:10.1093/icesjms/18.3.287.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2F18.3.287
  3. Behrenfeld, Michael, J. (2010). "Abandoning Sverdrup’s Critical Depth Hypothesis on Phytoplankton blooms". Ecology 91 (4): 977–989. doi:10.1890/09-1207.1.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1890%2F09-1207.1
  4. Chiswell, S. M. (2011). "The spring phytoplankton bloom: don’t abandon Sverdrup completely". Marine Ecology Progress Series 443: 39–50. doi:10.3354/meps09453. Bibcode: 2011MEPS..443...39C.  https://dx.doi.org/10.3354%2Fmeps09453
  5. Taylor, J. R.; Ferrari, R. (2011). "Shutdown of turbulent convection as a new criterion for the onset of spring phytoplankton blooms". Limnology and Oceanography 56 (6): 2293–2307. doi:10.4319/lo.2011.56.6.2293. Bibcode: 2011LimOc..56.2293T.  https://dx.doi.org/10.4319%2Flo.2011.56.6.2293
  6. Franks, Peter J.S.. "Has Sverdrup's critical depth hypothesis been tested? Mixed layers vs. turbulent layers". ICES Journal of Marine Science 72: 1897–1907. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsu175.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsu175
  7. Mann, K.H.; Lazier, J.R.N. (2006). Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems, Biological-Physical Interactions in the Oceans. Blackwell Scientific Publications. 
  8. Miller, Charles B. (2004). Biological Oceanography. Malden, MA: Black Well Publishing. 
  9. Fischer, A.D.; Moberg, E.A.; Alexander, H.; Brownlee, E.F.; Hunter-Cevera, K.R.; Pitz, K.J.; Rosengard, S.Z.; Sosik, H.M.. "Sixty years of Sverdrup: A retrospective of progress in the study of phytoplankton blooms". Oceanography 27 (1): 222–235. doi:10.5670/oceanog.2014.26.  https://dx.doi.org/10.5670%2Foceanog.2014.26
  10. Smetacek, Victor; Passow, Uta (1990). "Spring bloom initiation and Sverdrup’s critical depth model". Limnology and Oceanography 35: 228–234. doi:10.2307/2837359.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2837359
  11. Huisman, J.; van Oostveen, P.; Weissing, F.J. (1999). "Critical depth and critical turbulence: Two different mechanisms for the development of phytoplankton blooms". Limnology and Oceanography 44: 1781–1787. doi:10.4319/lo.1999.44.7.1781. Bibcode: 1999LimOc..44.1781H.  https://dx.doi.org/10.4319%2Flo.1999.44.7.1781
  12. Sathyendranath, S.; R. Ji; H.I. Browman (2015). "Revisiting Sverdrup's critical depth hypothesis.". ICES Journal of Marine Science 72: 1892–1896. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsv110.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsv110
  13. Boss, E.; Behrenfeld, M. (2010). "In Situ evaluation of initiation of the North Atlantic Phytoplankton Bloom". Geophysical Research Letters 37: L18603. doi:10.1029/2010GL044174. Bibcode: 2010GeoRL..3718603B.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2F2010GL044174
  14. Ferrari, R.; Merrifield, S.T.; Taylor, J. R. (2015). "Shutdown of convection triggers increase of surface chlorophyll". Journal of Marine Systems 147: 116–122. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.02.009. Bibcode: 2015JMS...147..116F.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jmarsys.2014.02.009
  15. Enriquez, R.M.; Taylor, J.R. (2015). "Numerical simulations of the competition between wind-driven mixing and surface heating in triggering spring phytoplankton blooms". ICES Journal of Marine Science 72: 1926–1941. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsv071.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsv071
  16. Brody, S.R.; Lozier, M.S. (2015). "Characterizing upper-ocean mixing and its effect on the spring phytoplankton bloom with in situ data". ICES Journal of Marine Science 72: 1961–1970. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsv006.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsv006
  17. Chiswell , S. M., 2011, The spring phytoplankton bloom: don’t abandon Sverdrup completely: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 443, p. 39-50 - doi:10.3354/meps09453
  18. "Physiological constrains on Sverdrup's Critical-Depth-Hypothesis: the influences of dark respiration and sinking.". ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 72: 1942–1951. 2015. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsv046.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsv046
  19. "The importance of phytoplankton trait variability in spring bloom formation.". ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil (2015): fsv059.. 
  20. "Role of Viral Infection in Controlling Planktonic Blooms-Conclusion Drawn from a Mathematical Model of Phytoplankton-Zooplankton System.". Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems 2016: 1–20. 
  21. "Resurrecting the ecological underpinnings of ocean plankton blooms.". Annual Review of Marine Science 6: 167–194.. 2014. doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-052913-021325. Bibcode: 2014ARMS....6..167B.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-marine-052913-021325
  22. "Physiological and ecological drivers of early spring blooms of a coastal phytoplankter.". Science 354 (6310): 326–329.. 2016. doi:10.1126/science.aaf8536. Bibcode: 2016Sci...354..326H.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aaf8536
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