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Anaxagoras (/ˌænækˈsæɡərəs/; Greek: Ἀναξαγόρας, Anaxagoras, "lord of the assembly"; c. 500 – c. 428 BC) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. Born in Clazomenae at a time when Asia Minor was under the control of the Persian Empire, Anaxagoras came to Athens. According to Diogenes Laërtius and Plutarch, in later life he was charged with impiety and went into exile in Lampsacus; the charges may have been political, owing to his association with Pericles, if they were not fabricated by later ancient biographers. Responding to the claims of Parmenides on the impossibility of change, Anaxagoras described the world as a mixture of primary imperishable ingredients, where material variation was never caused by an absolute presence of a particular ingredient, but rather by its relative preponderance over the other ingredients; in his words, "each one is... most manifestly those things of which there are the most in it". He introduced the concept of Nous (Cosmic Mind) as an ordering force, which moved and separated out the original mixture, which was homogeneous, or nearly so. He also gave a number of novel scientific accounts of natural phenomena. He deduced a correct explanation for eclipses and described the Sun as a fiery mass larger than the Peloponnese, as well as attempting to explain rainbows and meteors.
References
- Wallace, William; Mitchell, John Malcolm (1911). "Anaxagoras". in Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 943.
- Anaxagoras of Clazomenae: Fragments and Testimonia : a text and translation with notes and essays. University of Toronto Press. 2007. ISBN 9780802093257. https://books.google.com/books?id=PA6HMrSrjfkC&pg=PA90.
- Val. Max., VIII, 7, ext., 5: Qui, cum e diutina peregrinatione patriam repetisset possessionesque desertas vidisset, "non essem – inquit "ego salvus, nisi istae perissent." Vocem petitae sapientiae compotem!
- Copleston 2003, p. 66.
- Life of Lysander 12.1
- Natural History 2.149
- Couprie, Dirk (2004). "How Thales Was Able to "Predict" a Solar Eclipse Without the Help of Alleged Mesopotamian Wisdom". Early Science and Medicine 9 (4): 321–337. doi:10.1163/1573382043004631. ISSN 1383-7427. https://dx.doi.org/10.1163%2F1573382043004631
- "NASA - Total Solar Eclipse of -462 April 30". https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=-04620430.
- Anaxagoras biography https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/anaxagoras/
- Burnet, John (2003). Early Greek Philosophy 1892. Kessinger. ISBN 978-0-7661-2826-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=YfOk91wkUQsC.
- Plutarch, Pericles http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/pericles.1b.txt
- Smith, Homer W. (1952). Man and His Gods. New York: Grosset & Dunlap. https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit.
- Taylor, A.E. (1917). "On the date of the trial of Anaxagoras". Classical Quarterly 11 (2): 81–87. doi:10.1017/s0009838800013094. https://zenodo.org/record/1428584.
- Ancient Greek:[19]
- Schmitz, Leonhard (1870). "Anaxagoras". in Smith, William. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. 1. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D21%3Aentry%3Danaxagoras-bio-1.
- Diels, Hermann, ed (1912). Die fragmente der Vorsokratiker griechisch und deutsch. Berlin, Weidmannsche buchhandlung. https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_oEYZAAAAMAAJ. "B12"
- Plato, Phaedo, 85b
- Vidal, Gore, Creation: restored edition, chapter 2, Vintage Books (2002)
