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HandWiki. Neolithic Subpluvial. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30817 (accessed on 02 October 2026).
HandWiki. Neolithic Subpluvial. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30817. Accessed October 02, 2026.
HandWiki. "Neolithic Subpluvial" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30817 (accessed October 02, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 24). Neolithic Subpluvial. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30817
HandWiki. "Neolithic Subpluvial." Encyclopedia. Web. 24 October, 2022.
Neolithic Subpluvial
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Earth:Neolithic_Subpluvial

The Neolithic Subpluvial, or the Holocene Wet Phase, was an extended period (from about 7500–7000 BCE to about 3500–3000 BCE) of wet and rainy conditions in the climate history of northern Africa. It was both preceded and followed by much drier periods. The Neolithic Subpluvial was the most recent of a number of periods of "Wet Sahara" or "Green Sahara", during which the Sahara region was much moister and supported a richer biota and human population than the present-day desert.

holocene subpluvial climate

References

  1. Sources differ on specific date ranges, which necessarily varied over such a wide geographic expanse. One (Bard, Kathryn A. (1999), ed. Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. London, Routledge, pg 863) gives "9000–5000 BP," or 7000–3000 BCE, for the duration of the subpluvial. Another (Wilkinson, Toby A. H. (1999), Early Dynastic Egypt. London, Routledge, pg 372) places the end of the subpluvial c. 3300 BCE.
  2. Bloszies, C.; Forman, S. L.; Wright, D. K. (2015-09-01). "Water level history for Lake Turkana, Kenya in the past 15,000 years and a variable transition from the African Humid Period to Holocene aridity". Global and Planetary Change 132: 64–76. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.06.006. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818115001265. 
  3. deMenocal, Peter; Ortiz, Joseph; Guilderson, Tom; Adkins, Jess; Sarnthein, Michael; Baker, Linda; Yarusinsky, Martha (2000-01-01). "Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period:: rapid climate responses to gradual insolation forcing". Quaternary Science Reviews 19 (1–5): 347–361. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00081-5. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379199000815. 
  4. Salzmann, Ulrich. "Late Quaternary Climate and Vegetation of the Sudanian Zone of Northeast Nigeria - ScienceDirect" (in en). Quaternary Research 58: 73–83. doi:10.1006/qres.2002.2356. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589402923562. Retrieved 2017-03-10. 
  5. Lézine, Anne-Marie; Hély, Christelle; Grenier, Christophe; Braconnot, Pascale; Krinner, Gerhard (2011-10-01). "Sahara and Sahel vulnerability to climate changes, lessons from Holocene hydrological data". Quaternary Science Reviews 30 (21–22): 3001–3012. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.07.006. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379111002101. 
  6. Kutzbach, J.E. (1996). "Potential role of vegetation feedback in the climate sensitivity of high-latitude regions : A case study at 6000 years B.P.". Global biogeochemical cycles 10 (4). ISSN 0886-6236. http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2511027. 
  7. Wright, David K. (26 January 2017). "Humans as Agents in the Termination of the African Humid Period" (in English). Frontiers in Earth Science 5. doi:10.3389/feart.2017.00004. ISSN 2296-6463. http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2017.00004/abstract. 
  8. Brierley, Chris; Manning, Katie; Maslin, Mark (1 October 2018). "Pastoralism may have delayed the end of the green Sahara". Nature Communications 9. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06321-y. ISSN 2041-1723. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-06321-y. 
  9. Oliver, Roland (1999), The African Experience: From Olduvai Gorge to the 21st Century (Series: History of Civilization), London: Phoenix Press, revised edition, pg 39.
  10. Oliver, pg 37.
  11. Sutton, John E.G. (1974). "The Aquatic Civilization of Middle Africa". Journal of African History 15: 527–546. doi:10.1017/s0021853700013864.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0021853700013864
  12. Arkell, A.J. (1949), Early Khartoum, Oxford University Press.
  13. Camps, Gabriel (1974), Les civilisation prehistoriques de l'Afrique du Nord et du Sahara, Paris, pp 22 and 225–226. The site is Amekni near Tamanrasset.
  14. "Stone Age Graveyard Reveals Lifestyles Of A 'Green Sahara'". Science Daily. 15 August 2008. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/08/080815101317.htm. Retrieved 15 August 2008. 
  15. Gwin P. (September 2008), Lost tribes of the green sahara, National Geographic Magazine 
  16. Dell'Amore, Christine. "Ancient Cemetery Found; Brings "Green Sahara" to Life". National Geographic News. https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/08/080814-sereno-sahara-missions.html. Retrieved 1 June 2018. 
  17. Wright, David K.; Forman, Steven L.; Kiura, Purity; Bloszies, Christopher; Beyin, Amanuel (2015-06-01). "Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya" (in en). African Archaeological Review 32 (2): 335–367. doi:10.1007/s10437-015-9185-8. ISSN 0263-0338. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-015-9185-8. 
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