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HandWiki. Opal. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30758 (accessed on 23 September 2026).
HandWiki. Opal. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30758. Accessed September 23, 2026.
HandWiki. "Opal" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30758 (accessed September 23, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 24). Opal. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30758
HandWiki. "Opal." Encyclopedia. Web. 24 October, 2022.
Opal
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Chemistry:Opal

Opal is a hydrated amorphous form of silica (SiO2·nH2O); its water content may range from 3 to 21% by weight, but is usually between 6 and 10%. Because of its amorphous character, it is classed as a mineraloid, unlike crystalline forms of silica, which are classed as minerals. It is deposited at a relatively low temperature and may occur in the fissures of almost any kind of rock, being most commonly found with limonite, sandstone, rhyolite, marl, and basalt. The name opal is believed to be derived from the Sanskrit word upala (उपल), which means 'jewel', and later the Greek derivative opállios (ὀπάλλιος), which means 'to see a change in color'. There are two broad classes of opal: precious and common. Precious opal displays play-of-color (iridescence); common opal does not. Play-of-color is defined as "a pseudo chromatic optical effect resulting in flashes of colored light from certain minerals, as they are turned in white light." The internal structure of precious opal causes it to diffract light, resulting in play-of-color. Depending on the conditions in which it formed, opal may be transparent, translucent, or opaque, and the background color may be white, black, or nearly any color of the visual spectrum. Black opal is considered the rarest, while white, gray, and green opals are the most common.

ὀπάλλιος precious opal optical effect

References

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