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HandWiki. Aircraft Livery. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30664 (accessed on 12 October 2026).
HandWiki. Aircraft Livery. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30664. Accessed October 12, 2026.
HandWiki. "Aircraft Livery" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30664 (accessed October 12, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 21). Aircraft Livery. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30664
HandWiki. "Aircraft Livery." Encyclopedia. Web. 21 October, 2022.
Aircraft Livery
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An aircraft livery is a set of comprehensive insignia comprising color, graphic, and typographical identifiers which operators (airlines, governments, Air force s and occasionally private and corporate owners) apply to their aircraft. As aircraft liveries evolved in the years after the Second World War, they became a leading subset of the emerging disciplines of corporate identity and branding and among the most prominent examples of fashion. They have provided an arena for the work of distinguished designers and eminent lay people like Raymond Loewy, Alexander Girard, and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. The term is an adaptation of the word livery: the uniform-style clothing worn by servants of wealthy families and government representatives until the early/mid-20th century. With the advent of stagecoaches, railway trains, and steamships, the term livery spread to their decoration. Since the 1950s, elements of airline liveries permeated ground vehicles, advertising, proprietary airport furniture, airline promotional materials and aircrew uniforms in an increasingly integrated manner, spreading to airline websites in the 1990s. Since the 1950s and 60s, aircraft liveries have usually been uniform livery across an entire fleet. One-off custom-designs might be applied from time to time to individual fleet members to highlight set occasions.

color typographical corporate identity

References

  1. "Solving The Elusive Element To Paint Advancement". Inside MRO (Aviation Week). 11 August 2016. http://aviationweek.com/mro/solving-elusive-element-paint-advancement. 
  2. "British Airways' First A380 Receives its Airline Colors". AviationPros. 5 April 2013. https://www.aviationpros.com/press_release/10915586/british-airways-first-a380-receives-its-airline-colors. 
  3. "Emirates completes 33 aircraft makeovers in 12 months" (Press release). Emirates. 30 June 2016. https://www.emirates.com/media-centre/emirates-completes-33-aircraft-makeovers-in-12-months-70786
  4. "Painting versus Polishing of Airplane Exterior Surfaces". Aero Magazine (Boeing). January 1999. http://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/aero_05/fo/fo01/index.html. 
  5. "Alaska Airlines 1972-1976: Alaskana Graphics" (in en). http://www.yesterdaysairlines.com/1/post/2015/01/alaska-airlines-1972-1976-alaskana-graphics.html. 
  6. "Happy 85th: LOT adds 'RetroJET' livery to Embraer E175". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/todayinthesky/2014/04/18/happy-85th-lot-adds-retrojet-livery-to-embraer-e175/7865801. 
  7. Walsh, Kenneth T. Air Force One: A History of the Presidents and Their Planes. New York: Hyperion: 2003. ISBN:1-4013-0004-9.
  8. "MIL-STD-2161A, Department of Defense Standard Practice: Paint Schemes and Markings for U.S. Navy and Marine Corp Aircraft". United States Navy. 1 May 1993. http://www.everyspec.com/MIL-STD/MIL-STD-2000-2999/MIL-STD-2161A_24653/. 
  9. Shaw, Robert (1985). Fighter combat: tactics and maneuvering. Naval Institute Press. p. 55. ISBN 0-87021-059-9. https://archive.org/details/fightercombattac00shaw/page/55. 
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