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HandWiki. Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30456 (accessed on 23 September 2026).
HandWiki. Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30456. Accessed September 23, 2026.
HandWiki. "Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30456 (accessed September 23, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 20). Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30456
HandWiki. "Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development." Encyclopedia. Web. 20 October, 2022.
Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Social:Erikson%27s_stages_of_psychosocial_development

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, as articulated in the second half of the 20th century by Erik Erikson in collaboration with Joan Erikson, is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages that a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood. According to Erikson’s theory the results from each stage, whether positive or negative, influences the results of succeeding stages. Erikson published a book called Childhood and Society around the 1950s that made his research well known on the eight stages of psychosocial development. Erikson was originally influenced by Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual stages of development. He began by working with Freud's theories specifically, but as he began to dive deeper into biopsychosocial development and how other environmental factors affect human development, he soon progressed past Freud’s theories and developed his own ideas. Erikson's stage theory characterizes an individual advancing through the eight life stages as a function of negotiating their biological and sociocultural forces. The two conflicting forces each have a psychosocial crisis which characterizes the eight stages. If an individual does indeed successfully reconcile these forces (favoring the first mentioned attribute in the crisis), they emerge from the stage with the corresponding virtue. For example, if an infant enters into the toddler stage (autonomy vs. shame and doubt) with more trust than mistrust, they carry the virtue of hope into the remaining life stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expected to return as problems in the future. However, mastery of a stage is not required to advance to the next stage. In one study, subjects showed significant development as a result of organized activities.

psychosocial crisis environmental factors toddler

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