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HandWiki. Virtual Currency. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30373 (accessed on 25 September 2026).
HandWiki. Virtual Currency. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30373. Accessed September 25, 2026.
HandWiki. "Virtual Currency" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30373 (accessed September 25, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 20). Virtual Currency. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30373
HandWiki. "Virtual Currency." Encyclopedia. Web. 20 October, 2022.
Virtual Currency
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Finance:Virtual_currency

Virtual currency, or virtual money, is a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community. The U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission has warned investors against pump and dump schemes that use virtual currencies. The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a bureau of the US Treasury, defined virtual currency in its guidance published in 2013. In 2014, the European Banking Authority defined virtual currency as "a digital representation of value that is neither issued by a central bank or a public authority, nor necessarily attached to a fiat currency, but is accepted by natural or legal persons as a means of payment and can be transferred, stored or traded electronically". By contrast, a digital currency that is issued by a central bank is defined as "central bank digital currency".

virtual currency digital currency digital representation

References

  1. European Central Bank (October 2012). "1" (PDF). Virtual Currency Schemes. Frankfurt am Main: European Central Bank. p. 5. ISBN 978-92-899-0862-7. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/virtualcurrencyschemes201210en.pdf. 
  2. "FIN-2013-G001: Application of FinCEN's Regulations to Persons Administering, Exchanging, or Using Virtual Currencies". Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. 18 March 2013. pp. 6. Archived from the original on 19 March 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130319213642/http://fincen.gov/statutes_regs/guidance/html/FIN-2013-G001.html. 
  3. "EBA Opinion on ‘virtual currencies" (pdf). European Banking Authority. 4 July 2014. pp. 46. http://www.eba.europa.eu/documents/10180/657547/EBA-Op-2014-08+Opinion+on+Virtual+Currencies.pdf. Retrieved 8 July 2014. 
  4. SUBCOMMITTEE ON DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL MONETARY POLICY. "The Future of Money". Congressional Hearing. Internet Archive. https://archive.org/stream/futureofmoneyhea02unit/futureofmoneyhea02unit_djvu.txt. Retrieved 27 May 2014. 
  5. Samuelson, Kristin (13 November 2011). "The ins and outs of Bitcoin. Does the latest digital currency have staying power?". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 2012-01-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20120127141540/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-11-13/business/ct-biz-1113-outside-opinion-bitcoin-20111113_1_virtual-currency-digital-wallet-second-life. 
  6. Sutter, John D. (19 May 2009). "Virtual currencies power social networks, online games". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/05/18/online.currency/index.html?eref=rss_tech. 
  7. "Bitcoins Virtual Currency: Unique Features Present Challenges for Deterring Illicit Activity" (PDF). Cyber Intelligence Section and Criminal Intelligence Section. FBI. 24 April 2012. https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2012/05/Bitcoin-FBI.pdf. 
  8. U.S. Government Accountability Office (May 2013). "Virtual Economies and currencies: Additional IRS guidance could reduce tax compliance risks". GAO Report GAO-13-516. Report to the Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate. Archived from the original on 2013-06-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20130621195450/http://gao.gov/products/GAO-13-516. 
  9. Raskind, Max (18 November 2013). "U.S. Agencies to Say Bitcoins Offer Legitimate Benefits". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 2013-11-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20131119023830/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-18/u-s-agencies-to-say-bitcoins-offer-legitimate-benefits.html. 
  10. "31 CFR § 1010.100(m)". Code of Federal Regulations. Archived from the original on 2014-03-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20140324200710/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule/CFR-2011-title31-vol3/CFR-2011-title31-vol3-sec1010-100. 
  11. "Notice 2014-21". Fact sheet. IRS. March 2014. https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/n-14-21.pdf. Retrieved 25 April 2014. 
  12. Levitin, Adam (March 26, 2014). "Bitcoin Tax Ruling". Blog. http://www.creditslips.org/creditslips/2014/03/bitcoin-tax-ruling.html. Retrieved 25 April 2014. 
  13. "Bitcoin is legally property, says US IRS. Does that kill it as a currency?". The Guardian. 31 March 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/mar/31/bitcoin-legally-property-irs-currency. Retrieved 30 May 2014. "Adam Levitin is a law professor at Georgetown University, and he believes that the ruling means that bitcoin can never be treated as "fungible"" 
  14. Kanner, Bernice (7 September 1992). New York Magazine. https://books.google.com/books?id=M-MCAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA18&ots=OOi0srDEQW&dq=cw%20post%20one%20cent%20off%20coupon&pg=PA18#v=onepage&q=cw%20post%20one%20cent%20off%20coupon&f=false. Retrieved 19 April 2014. 
  15. "Bitcoin: Bitcoin under pressure". The Economist. 30 November 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-11-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20131130032403/http://www.economist.com/news/technology-quarterly/21590766-virtual-currency-it-mathematically-elegant-increasingly-popular-and-highly. 
  16. Andy Greenberg (20 April 2011). "Crypto Currency". Forbes.com. https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2011/0509/technology-psilocybin-bitcoins-gavin-andresen-crypto-currency.html. Retrieved 8 August 2014. 
  17. "Ecuador rolls out phase one of state-backed digital currency". SiliconANGLE Network. 1 January 2015. http://siliconangle.com/blog/2015/01/01/ecuador-rolls-out-phase-one-of-state-backed-digital-currency/. Retrieved 1 February 2015. 
  18. Jerin Mathew (25 July 2014). "Ecuador to Create Government-Run Digital Currency as It Bans Bitcoin". International Business Times. http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/ecuador-create-government-run-digital-currency-it-bans-bitcoin-1458280. 
  19. The cells with the blue background denote a virtual currency.
  20. "Innovations in payment technologies and the emergence of digital currencies". Bank of England. p. 5. http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/Documents/quarterlybulletin/2014/qb14q3digitalcurrenciesbitcoin1.pdf. "There are also a small number of digital currencies, the most prominent of which is Ripple, that seek consensus through non-cryptographic means" 
  21. Rizzo, Pete. "Irish Central Banker Envisions Hybrid Bitcoin-Fiat Future". CoinDesk. https://www.coindesk.com/irish-central-banker-envisions-hybrid-bitcoin-fiat-future/. Retrieved 13 October 2017. 
  22. Bobelian, Michael (9 May 2014). "SEC Warns Investors To Beware Of Bitcoin". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelbobelian/2014/05/09/sec-warns-investors-to-beware-of-bitcoin/. Retrieved 2 October 2014. 
  23. Bobelian, Michael (25 July 2014). "New York's Financial Regulator, Benjamin Lawsky, Maintains Lead On Bitcoin Regulation". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelbobelian/2014/07/25/new-yorks-financial-regulator-benjamin-lawsky-maintains-lead-on-bitcoin-regulation/. Retrieved 3 October 2014. 
  24. "NY DFS Releases Proposed Bitlicense Regulatory Framework For Virtual Currency Firms". New York State Department of Financial Services. 17 July 2014. http://www.dfs.ny.gov/about/press/pr1407171.htm. Retrieved 13 October 2014. 
  25. SydneyEmber (21 August 2014). "More Comments Invited for Proposed Bitcoin Rule". DealBook (NY Times). https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/08/21/more-comments-invited-for-proposed-bitcoin-rules/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0. Retrieved 3 October 2014. 
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