Marine Algae and Plants

Version	Summary	Created by	Modification	Content Size	Created at	Operation
1	handwiki	Sirius Huang	--	1726	2022-10-20 01:43:32

The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Biology:Marine_algae_and_plants

Marine algae and plants are a diverse collection of marine life that, together with cyanobacteria, form the main primary producers at base of the ocean food chain. Marine primary producers are important because they underpin almost all marine animal life by generating most of the oxygen and food that animals need to exist. Some algae and plants are also ecosystem engineers which change the environment and provide habitats for other marine life. Marine algae includes the largely invisible and often unicellular microalgae, which together with cyanobacteria form the ocean phytoplankton, as well as the larger, more visible and complex multicellular macroalgae commonly called seaweed. Seaweeds are found along coastal areas, living on the floor of continental shelves and washed up in intertidal zones. Some seaweeds drift with plankton in the sunlit surface waters (epipelagic zone) of the open ocean. Back in the Silurian, some phytoplankton evolved into red, brown and green algae. These algae then invaded the land and started evolving into the land plants we know today. Later in the Cretaceous some of these land plants returned to the sea as mangroves and seagrasses. These are found along coasts in intertidal regions and in the brackish water of estuaries. In addition, some seagrasses, like seaweeds, can be found at depths up to 50 metres on both soft and hard bottoms of the continental shelf.

unicellular phytoplankton sunlit surface waters

References

Campbell, Neil A.; Reece, Jane B.; Urry, Lisa Andrea; Cain, Michael L.; Wasserman, Steven Alexander; Minorsky, Peter V.; Jackson, Robert Bradley (2008). Biology (8 ed.). San Francisco: Pearson – Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-0-321-54325-7.
McNeill, J., ed (2012). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), Adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011 (electronic ed.). International Association for Plant Taxonomy. http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=art3. Retrieved 2017-05-14.
"Cyanobacteria and cyanobacterial toxins". Oceans and Human Health: Risks and Remedies from the Seas. Academic Press. 2 September 2011. ISBN 978-0-08-087782-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZPqW-PmFYC&pg=PA271.
"The Rise of Oxygen - Astrobiology Magazine" (in en-US). http://www.astrobio.net/news-exclusive/the-rise-of-oxygen/.
Flannery, D. T.; R.M. Walter (2012). "Archean tufted microbial mats and the Great Oxidation Event: new insights into an ancient problem". Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 59 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1080/08120099.2011.607849. Bibcode: 2012AuJES..59....1F. https://semanticscholar.org/paper/8e2fb3f5ab865aed8faceee53c45558724c13c6c.
Rothschild, Lynn (September 2003). "Understand the evolutionary mechanisms and environmental limits of life". NASA. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012. https://www.webcitation.org/664nY11q7?url=http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/roadmap/g5.html. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
"The cells that rule the seas". Scientific American 289 (6): 52–3. December 2003. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1203-52. PMID 14631732. Bibcode: 2003SciAm.289f..52N. http://guowei.ccps.tp.edu.tw/nc/UploadDocument/255_02%20The%20Cells%20that%20Rules%20the%20Sea.pdf.
"The Most Important Microbe You've Never Heard Of". https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=91448837.
Flombaum, P.; Gallegos, J. L.; Gordillo, R. A.; Rincon, J.; Zabala, L. L.; Jiao, N.; Karl, D. M.; Li, W. K. W. et al. (2013). "Present and future global distributions of the marine Cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (24): 9824–9829. doi:10.1073/pnas.1307701110. PMID 23703908. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3683724
Nabors, Murray W. (2004). Introduction to Botany. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8053-4416-5.
Allaby, M., ed (1992). "Algae". The Concise Dictionary of Botany. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
"How many species of algae are there?". Journal of Phycology 48 (5): 1057–63. October 2012. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01222.x. PMID 27011267. https://semanticscholar.org/paper/27efb217aa66823b850686a2016c68cb69fdd584.
Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (2016). "Algaebase". http://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/?id=97240.
D. Thomas (2002). Seaweeds. Life Series. Natural History Museum, London. ISBN 978-0-565-09175-0.
Hoek, Christiaan; den Hoeck, Hoeck Van; Mann, David; Jahns, H.M. (1995). Algae : an introduction to phycology. Cambridge University Press. p. 166. ISBN 9780521316873. OCLC 443576944. https://books.google.com/books?id=s1P855ZWc0kC&pg=166.
The Air You're Breathing? A Diatom Made That https://www.livescience.com/46250-teasing-apart-the-diatom-genome.html
"More on Diatoms". http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chromista/diatoms/diatommm.html.
Starckx, Senne (31 October 2012) A place in the sun - Algae is the crop of the future, according to researchers in Geel Flanders Today, Retrieved 8 December 2012 http://www.flanderstoday.eu/current-affairs/place-sun
Kelp Forest - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/kelp-forest
Mann, K.H. 1973. Seaweeds: their productivity and strategy for growth. Science 182: 975-981.
Tunnell, John Wesley; Chávez, Ernesto A.; Withers, Kim (2007). Coral reefs of the southern Gulf of Mexico. Texas A&M University Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-58544-617-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=tu0sqBp8eAAC&pg=PA91.
Orth, R.J., Carruthers, T.J., Dennison, W.C., Duarte, C.M., Fourqurean, J.W., Heck, K.L., Hughes, A.R., Kendrick, G.A., Kenworthy, W.J., Olyarnik, S. and Short, F.T. (2006) "A global crisis for seagrass ecosystems". Bioscience, 56(12): pages 987–996. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[987:AGCFSE]2.0.CO;2 https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/56/12/987/221654
Giri C, Ochieng E, Tieszen LL, Zhu Z, Singh A, Loveland T, et al. (2011) "Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data". Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20(1):154–159. doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00584.x https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1466-8238.2010.00584.x
Thomas, N., Lucas, R., Bunting, P., Hardy, A., Rosenqvist, A. and Simard, M. (2017) "Distribution and drivers of global mangrove forest change, 1996–2010". PLOS ONE, 12(6): e0179302. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179302 https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0179302
Short, F.T. and Frederick, T. (2003) World atlas of seagrasses, University of California Press, page 24. ISBN:9780520240476 https://www.unep-wcmc.org/resources-and-data/world-atlas-of-seagrasses
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2009). "Phycodurus eques" in FishBase. July 2009 version. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Phycodurus&speciesname=eques

©Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons-Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) license; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.

Upload a video for this entry

Information

Subjects: Marine & Freshwater Biology

Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :

HandWiki

View Times: 6.5K

Entry Collection: HandWiki

Update Date: 20 Oct 2022

Table of Contents

Video Upload Options

References