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HandWiki. Prognathodon. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30039 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
HandWiki. Prognathodon. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30039. Accessed September 22, 2026.
HandWiki. "Prognathodon" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30039 (accessed September 22, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 19). Prognathodon. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30039
HandWiki. "Prognathodon." Encyclopedia. Web. 19 October, 2022.
Prognathodon
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Biology:Prognathodon

Prognathodon is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. It is classified as part of the Mosasaurinae subfamily, alongside genera like Mosasaurus and Clidastes. Prognathodon has been recovered from deposits ranging in age from the Campanian to the Maastrichtian in the Middle East, Europe, New Zealand, and North America. Prognathodon means "forejaw tooth", which originates from the Latin pro- ("earlier" or "prior"), Greek gnathos ("jaw") and odṓn ("tooth"). Twelve nominal species of Prognathodon are recognised, from North America, northern and western Africa, the Middle East, western Europe and New Zealand. Due to the sometimes clear differences between them and the incomplete nature of many of the specimens, the systematics of the genus and which species should properly be considered Prognathodon is controversial. Some species have been assigned to other genera, such as Dollosaurus and Brachysaurana, but this has also been questioned. Prognathodon is known for its massively built jaws and teeth. Its distinct feeding adaptations have generated much interest in its ecology ever since its discovery, though direct evidence of its diet, such as gastric residues, is rare.

ecology mosasaur prognathodon

References

  1. Konishi, Takuya; Brinkman, Donald; Massare, Judy A.; Caldwell, Michael W. (2011-09-01). "New exceptional specimens of Prognathodon overtoni (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the upper Campanian of Alberta, Canada, and the systematics and ecology of the genus". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (5): 1026–1046. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.601714. ISSN 0272-4634.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F02724634.2011.601714
  2. Kaddumi, Hani F (in en). A new species of Prognathodon (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Maastrichtian of Harrana-Jordan. https://www.academia.edu/19782774. 
  3. Schulp, A. S., Vonhof, H. B., van der Lubbe, J. H. J. L., Janssen, R., & van Baal, R. R. (2013). On diving and diet: resource partitioning in type-Maastrichtian mosasaurs. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie En Mijnbouw, 92(2-3), 165–170. https://doi.org/10.1017/s001677460000010x
  4. Russell, Dale. A. (6 November 1967). "Systematics and Morphology of American Mosasaurs". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History (Yale University). http://peabody.yale.edu/sites/default/files/documents/scientific-publications/ypmB23_1967.pdf. 
  5. T, Lingham-Soliar; D., Nolf (1989). "The Mosasaur Prognathodon (Reptilia, Mosasauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium". Bulletin van Het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen. Aardwetenschappen = Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Sciences de la Terre. http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=220009. 
  6. Schulp, Anne S.; Jagt, John W. M.; Fonken, Frans (2004-09-10). "New material of the mosasaur Carinodens belgicus from the Upper Cretaceous of the Netherlands". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 (3): 744–747. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0744:NMOTMC2.0.CO;2]. ISSN 0272-4634.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1671%2F0272-4634%282004%29024%5B0744%3ANMOTMC%5D2.0.CO%3B2
  7. "A large mosasaur from the Upper Cretaceous of The Netherlands (PDF Download Available)" (in en). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27711084. 
  8. Grigoriev, D. V. (2013). "Redescription of Prognathodon lutugini (Squamata, Mosasauridae)". Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 317 (3): 246–261. https://www.zin.ru/journals/trudyzin/doc/vol_317_3/TZ_317_3_Grigoriev.pdf. 
  9. Lindgren, Johan; Kaddumi, Hani F.; Polcyn, Michael J. (2013-09-10). "Soft tissue preservation in a fossil marine lizard with a bilobed tail fin" (in en). Nature Communications 4: ncomms3423. doi:10.1038/ncomms3423. PMID 24022259. Bibcode: 2013NatCo...4.2423L.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms3423
  10. Lindgren, J.; Caldwell, M.W.; Konishi, T.; Chiappe, L.M. (2010). Farke, Andrew Allen. ed. "Convergent Evolution in Aquatic Tetrapods: Insights from an Exceptional Fossil Mosasaur". PLOS ONE 5 (8): e11998. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011998. PMID 20711249. Bibcode: 2010PLoSO...511998L.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2918493
  11. Christiansen, P.; Bonde, N. (2002). "A new species of gigantic mosasaur from the Late Cretaceous of Israel". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22 (3): 629. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0629:ANSOGM2.0.CO;2].  https://dx.doi.org/10.1671%2F0272-4634%282002%29022%5B0629%3AANSOGM%5D2.0.CO%3B2
  12. A Pathological Mosasaur snout from the Type Maastrichtian (SE Netherlands), Bastiaans et al, 2014, 2020.
  13. "Pressrelease Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht". 20 September 2012. http://www.nhmmaastricht.nl/mosasaurus2012/pressrelease.html. 
  14. Bastiaans, Dylan; Kroll, Jeroen J.F.; Cornelissen, Dirk; Schulp, Anne S.; Jagt, John W.M. (February 2020). "Cranial palaeopathologies in a Late Cretaceous mosasaur from the Netherlands". Cretaceous Research 112: 104425. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104425.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2020.104425
  15. Bastiaans, Dylan; Kroll, Jeroen J.F.; Cornelissen, Dirk; Schulp, Anne S.; Jagt, John W.M. (February 2020). "Cranial palaeopathologies in a Late Cretaceous mosasaur from the Netherlands". Cretaceous Research 112: 104425. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104425.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2020.104425
  16. Bell GL. Jr. 1997. A phylogenetic revision of North American and Adriatic Mosasauroidea. pp. 293-332 In: Callaway JM, Nicholls EL, (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press, 501 pp.
  17. Madzia, D.; Cau, A. (2017). "Inferring "weak spots" in phylogenetic trees: application to mosasauroid nomenclature". PeerJ 5: e3782. doi:10.7717/peerj.3782. PMID 28929018. PMC 5602675. https://peerj.com/articles/3782.pdf. 
  18. Simões, Tiago R.; Vernygora, Oksana; Paparella, Ilaria; Jimenez-Huidobro, Paulina; Caldwell, Michael W. (2017-05-03). "Mosasauroid phylogeny under multiple phylogenetic methods provides new insights on the evolution of aquatic adaptations in the group". PLOS ONE 12 (5): e0176773. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176773. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 28467456. Bibcode: 2017PLoSO..1276773S.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5415187
  19. Lindgren, Johan (2005). "Dental and vertebral morphology of the enigmatic mosasaur Dollosaurus (Reptilia, Mosasauridae) from the lower Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of southern Sweden". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 52 (1): 17–25. ISSN 0011-6297. http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/212327. 
  20. "Fossilworks: Prognathodon solvayi". http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=292135. 
  21. Christiansen, Per; Bonde, Niels (2002). "A New Species of Gigantic Mosasaur from the Late Cretaceous of Israel". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22 (3): 629–644. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0629:ansogm2.0.co;2].  https://dx.doi.org/10.1671%2F0272-4634%282002%29022%5B0629%3Aansogm%5D2.0.co%3B2
  22. "Fossilworks: Prognathodon giganteus". http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=264466. 
  23. Averianov, A. O.; Yarkov, A. A. (2004). "On the occurrence of a giant flying reptile (Pterosauria) in the terminal Late Cretaceous of the Lower Volga Region". Paleontological Journal 38 (6): 669–671. 
  24. Schulp, Anne S.; Polcyn, Michael J.; Mateus, Octávio; Jacobs, Louis L.; Morais, Maria Luísa (2008). "A new species of Prognathodon (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Maastrichtian of Angola, and the affinities of the mosasaur genus Liodon". Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting. https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/new-species-prognathodon-squamata-mosasauridae-maastrichtian-angola-and-affinit. 
  25. "Fossilworks: Prognathodon overtoni". http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=186047. 
  26. "Fossilworks: Prognathodon waiparaensis". http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=181030. 
  27. Lively, J.R. (2020). "Redescription and phylogenetic assessment of 'Prognathodon' stadtmani: implications for Globidensini monophyly and character homology in Mosasaurinae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40 (3): e1784183. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1784183.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F02724634.2020.1784183
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