Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Submitted Successfully!
Thank you for your contribution! You can also upload a video entry or images related to this topic. For video creation, please contact our Academic Video Service.
Version Summary Created by Modification Content Size Created at Operation
1 handwiki Vivi Li -- 2881 2022-10-18 01:45:12

Video Upload Options

We provide professional Academic Video Service to translate complex research into visually appealing presentations. Would you like to try it?
No, upload directly Yes
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
HandWiki. War on Cancer. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29885 (accessed on 25 September 2026).
HandWiki. War on Cancer. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29885. Accessed September 25, 2026.
HandWiki. "War on Cancer" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29885 (accessed September 25, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 18). War on Cancer. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29885
HandWiki. "War on Cancer." Encyclopedia. Web. 18 October, 2022.
War on Cancer
Edit
The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Medicine:War_on_Cancer

The War on Cancer refers to the effort to find a cure for cancer by increased research to improve the understanding of cancer biology and the development of more effective cancer treatments, such as targeted drug therapies. The aim of such efforts is to eradicate cancer as a major cause of death. The signing of the National Cancer Act of 1971 by United States president Richard Nixon is generally viewed as the beginning of this effort, though it was not described as a "war" in the legislation itself. Despite significant progress in the treatment of certain forms of cancer (such as childhood leukemia), cancer in general remains a major cause of death 40+ years after this war on cancer began, leading to a perceived lack of progress and to new legislation aimed at augmenting the original National Cancer Act of 1971. New research directions, in part based on the results of the Human Genome Project, hold promise for a better understanding of the genetic factors underlying cancer, and the development of new diagnostics, therapies, preventive measures, and early detection ability. However, targeting cancer proteins can be difficult, as a protein can be undruggable.

cancer biology early detection cancer

References

  1. "Milestone (1971): National Cancer Act of 1971". Developmental Therapeutics Program Timeline. National Cancer Institute. http://dtp.nci.nih.gov/timeline/noflash/milestones/M4_Nixon.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-09. 
  2. "National Cancer Act of 1971". National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/aboutnci/national-cancer-act-1971/allpages. Retrieved 2009-08-09. 
  3. "National Cancer Act, Legislative History". Office of Government and Congressional Relations. National Cancer Institute. http://legislative.cancer.gov/history/phsa/1971. Retrieved 2009-08-09. 
  4. Mukherjee, Siddhartha (2010). The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4391-0795-9. OCLC 464593321.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/464593321
  5. Katz, Esther. "LASKER, Mary Woodard Reinhardt. November 30, 1900-February 21, 1994". Cambridge: Harvard University Press. http://www.credoreference.com/entry.do?ta=hupnawiii&uh=lasker_mary_woodard_reinhardt_november_30_1900_february_21_1994. Retrieved 16 September 2013. 
  6. Merenda, Christine. "How Far Has the War on Cancer Come in the Past 40 Years?". ONS Connect. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=c405b74c-cb7e-415f-8d40-ade419a216b5%40sessionmgr115&vid=3&hid=113&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=afh&AN=79389124. Retrieved 20 September 2013. 
  7. Andrew von Eschenbach. "Director's Update: August 27, 2003: Eliminating Suffering and Death from Cancer by 2015: What Should NCI Contribute to the Challenge Goal?". http://www.cancer.gov/directorscorner/directorsupdate-08-27-2003. Retrieved 2008-11-05. 
  8. Dr. Andrew von Eschenbach (September 2005). "Eliminating the Suffering and Death Due to Cancer by 2015". Medical Progress Bulletin, Issue 1. Manhattan Institute for Policy Research. http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/mpb_01.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-13. 
  9. Margaret Foti, Ph.D., M.D. (2005-04-15). "Written Testimony Submitted to The House Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education and Related Agencies". AACR. http://www.aacr.org/home/public--media/science-policy--government-affairs/testimony/the-house-appropriations-subcommittee-on-labor,-health-and-human-services,-education-and-related-agencies-(2005).aspx. Retrieved 2009-06-13. 
  10. Kaiser, Jocelyn (28 February 2003). "NCI Goal Aims for Cancer Victory by 2015". Science 299 (5611): 1297–1298. doi:10.1126/science.299.5611.1297b. PMID 12610266. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/299/5611/1297.2. Retrieved 18 January 2011. 
  11. John E. Niederhuber (2009-10-06). "Global Cancer Control: An Essential Duty". NCI Cancer Bulletin. NCI. http://www.cancer.gov/ncicancerbulletin/100609/page4. Retrieved 2009-11-08. 
  12. Bill Robinson (2010-07-12). "Harold Varmus Becomes Fourteenth Director of the National Cancer Institute". NCI Cancer Bulletin. http://www.cancer.gov/ncicancerbulletin/071310/page2. Retrieved 2010-08-04. 
  13. "Harold Varmus Returns To Politics". NPR's Science Friday. 2010-07-16. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128568241. Retrieved 2010-08-04. 
  14. Harold Varmus: NCI Town Hall Meeting (excerpts). NCI. 2010-07-12. Retrieved 2010-08-04. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wamffWRIdNQ
  15. Hughes R. (2006). "The War on Cancer: An Anatomy of Failure, a Blueprint for the Future (book review)". JAMA 295 (24): 2891–2892. doi:10.1001/jama.295.24.2891. ISBN 1-4020-3618-3. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/295/24/2891. 
  16. Bernadine Healy (2008-06-12). "We Need a New War on Cancer". U.S. News and World Report. http://health.usnews.com/articles/health/cancer/2008/06/12/we-need-a-new-war-on-cancer.html. Retrieved 2009-10-26. 
  17. Stand Up to Cancer (2008-07-15). "Renewing the War on Cancer" (video). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9YicA5ANMdE. Retrieved 2009-01-30. 
  18. Sal Ruibal (2008-09-10). "Armstrong coming out of retirement for another Tour". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/sports/cycling/2008-09-09-armstrong-comeback_N.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-26. 
  19. "A Global Movement To End Cancer". Lance Armstrong Foundation. Archived from the original on 2009-08-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20090830070836/http://www.livestrongaction.org:80/content/global-movement-end-cancer. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 
  20. "LIVESTRONG Global Cancer campaign announces Hashemite Kingdom Of Jordan's commitment of $300 million to fund three cancer control initiatives.". Lance Armstrong Foundation. 2009-04-16. Archived from the original on 2009-04-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20090420015424/http://www.livestrong.org:80/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=khLXK1PxHmF&b=2661079&ct=6924911. Retrieved 2009-04-16. 
  21. "LIVESTRONG Day home page". Lance Armstrong Foundation. Archived from the original on 2009-09-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20090927074634/http://www.livestrongaction.org:80/map. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 
  22. Senators Edward Kennedy and Kay Bailey Hutchison (2009-03-26). "S.717: 21st Century Cancer ALERT (Access to Life-Saving Early detection, Research and Treatment) Act". GovTrack.us, 111th Congress (2009–2010). http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=s111-717. Retrieved 2009-03-30. 
  23. "Kennedy, Hutchison Introduce Bill To Overhaul 1971 National Cancer Act". Medical News Today. 2009-03-30. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/144105.php. Retrieved 2009-03-30. 
  24. "The Obama-Biden Plan To Combat Cancer". Organizing for America. 2008-09-06. http://www.barackobama.com/pdf/issues/healthcare/Fact_Sheet_Cancer_FINAL.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-10. 
  25. The Senior Vote Team (2008-09-06). "Obama-Biden release plan to combat cancer". Organizing for America Community Blog. http://my.barackobama.com/page/community/post/seniors/gG5ctx. Retrieved 2009-06-10. 
  26. Foster, Kate (April 26, 2009). "Obama makes $10bn pledge to find cure for global killer 'in our time'". Scotsman.com News. http://news.scotsman.com/health/Obama--makes--.5206584.jp. Retrieved 2009-06-10. 
  27. Kolata, Gina (April 23, 2009). "Advances Elusive in the Drive to Cure Cancer". The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/24/health/policy/24cancer.html. Retrieved 2009-06-10. 
  28. Lennon, Christine (2009-06-03). "Ovarian Cancer: Fighting For A Cure". July 2009 issue (Harper's Bazaar). https://web.archive.org/web/20090610074554/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/beauty/beauty-articles/barack-obama-ovarian-cancer. Retrieved 2009-06-13. 
  29. Charles, Deborah (2009-09-30). "Obama announces $5 billion for new medical research". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/GCA-HealthcareReform/idUSTRE58T43G20090930. Retrieved 2009-10-01. 
  30. "Recovery.gov: Track the Money (search term=cancer)". United States government. http://www.recovery.gov/espsearch/Pages/default.aspx?k=cancer. Retrieved 2009-11-14. 
  31. "World Cancer Campaign". UICC. http://www.worldcancercampaign.org/. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  32. "Cancer". WHO. http://www.who.int/cancer/en/. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  33. "World Cancer Day". WHO. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/annual/world_cancer_day/en/index.html. Retrieved 2009-12-16. 
  34. Kersey, John H. (1997). "Fifty Years of Studies of the Biology and Therapy of Childhood Leukemia". Blood 90 (11): 4243–4251. PMID 9373234. http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/content/full/90/11/4243. 
  35. "Pancreatic Cancer Report Urges Changes in Clinical Trials". NCI Cancer Bulletin. NCI. 2009-11-03. http://www.cancer.gov/ncicancerbulletin/110309/page2. Retrieved 2009-11-08. 
  36. Ries LAG, Melbert D, Krapcho M, Stinchcomb DG, Howlader N, Horner MJ, Mariotto A, Miller BA, Feuer EJ, Altekruse SF, Lewis DR, Clegg L, Eisner MP, Reichman M, Edwards BK (eds). "SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2005, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD". http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2005/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-31. 
  37. Kolata, Gina (April 24, 2009). "As Other Death Rates Fall, Cancer’s Scarcely Moves". The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/24/health/research/24cancerside.html. Retrieved 2009-06-10. 
  38. Reinberg, Steven (2008-12-09). "Cancer to Surpass Heart Disease as World's Leading Killer". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/09/AR2008120901814.html. Retrieved 2009-08-30. 
  39. Boyle, P.; Levin B. (2008). World Cancer Report 2008. IARC. pp. 512. ISBN 92-832-0423-9. http://apps.who.int/bookorders/anglais/detart1.jsp?sesslan=1&codlan=1&codcol=76&codcch=26. 
  40. "WHO: Cancer". http://www.who.int/cancer/en/. Retrieved 2014-07-05. 
  41. "WHO: The Top 10 Causes of Death". http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/. Retrieved 2014-07-05. 
  42. "Progress Has Been Made in War on Cancer, but Still Many Challenges". Science Daily. 2010-03-19. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100316101556.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-19. 
  43. Kort, Eric J.; Nigel Paneth; George F. Vande Woude (2009-08-15). "The Decline in U.S. Cancer Mortality in People Born since 1925". Cancer Research 69 (16): 6500–5. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0357. PMID 19679548.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4326089
  44. Moore, Jeremy (2009-08-13). "Cancer mortality rates experience steady decline". EurekAlert. http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-08/aafc-cmr080609.php. Retrieved 2009-08-30. 
  45. "History of Cancer". Waging War on Cancer. Episode 101. 2009-08-23. External link in |title= (help) http://wagingwaroncancer.com/
  46. Claudia Dreifus (2009-11-02). "Researcher Behind the Drug Gleevec: A Conversation with Brian K. Druker, M.D.". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/03/science/03conv.html. Retrieved 2009-11-03. 
  47. "Millennium 2000: Cancer (transcript)". CNN. 2000-01-02. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0001/02/se.20.html. Retrieved 2009-10-15. 
  48. Jemal, A; Siegel, R; Xu, J; Ward, E (2010-07-07). "Cancer Statistics, 2010". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (CA Cancer J Clin) 60 (5): 277–300. doi:10.3322/caac.20073. PMID 20610543. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3322/caac.20073/full. 
  49. Bill Hendrick (2010-07-08). "Cancer Death Rates Are Dropping in U.S.". WebMD Health News. http://www.webmd.com/cancer/news/20100708/cancer-death-rates-are-dropping-in-u-s. Retrieved 2010-08-03. 
  50. "Cancer Survivors --- United States, 2007". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). CDC. 11 March 2011. pp. 269–272. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6009a1.htm?s_cid=mm6009a1_w. Retrieved 14 March 2011. 
  51. Belluck, Pam (10 March 2011). "20% Rise Seen in Number of Survivors of Cancer". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/11/health/11cancer.html. Retrieved 14 March 2011. 
  52. Editorial Staff (2013-01-08). "Cancer U.S. cancer rates dip". TriMed Media. http://www.healthimaging.com/topics/oncology-imaging/us-cancer-death-rates-dip. Retrieved 2013-01-09. 
  53. Sharon Begley (2008-09-15). "Rethinking the War on Cancer". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/id/157548. Retrieved 2008-10-09. 
  54. "NCI Think Tanks in Cancer Biology". NCI. 2004. http://www.cancer.gov/think-tanks-cancer-biology. Retrieved 2009-10-27. 
  55. "Cancer - A Complex Disease". Understanding Cancer Series: Genetic Variation (SNPs). NCI. 2009-09-01. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/understandingcancer/geneticvariation/Slide2. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  56. "Cancer Fact Sheet". Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. CDC. 2002-08-30. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/com/cancer-fs.html. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  57. Amundadottir, LT; Thorvaldsson, S; Gudbjartsson, DF; Sulem, P; Kristjansson, K; Arnason, S; Gulcher, JR; Bjornsson, J et al. (2004). "Cancer as a Complex Phenotype: Pattern of Cancer Distribution within and beyond the Nuclear Family". PLoS Med 1 (3): e65. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0010065. PMID 15630470.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=539051
  58. "The Tumor and its Microenvironment: How they communicate, and why it’s important". AACR. http://www.aacr.org/home/survivors--advocates/educational-series-on-science-and-advocacy/scientists-on-science/scientists-on-science-the-tumor-microenvironment-page-1.aspx. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  59. Matrisian, Lynn M.; Cunha, Gerald R.; Mohla, Suresh (2001). "Epithelial-Stromal Interactions and Tumor Progression: Meeting Summary and Future Directions". Cancer Research 61 (9): 3844–3846. PMID 11325861. http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/full/61/9/3844. 
  60. Gina Kolata (2009-12-28). "Old Ideas Spur New Approaches in Cancer Fight". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/29/health/research/29cancer.html. Retrieved 2010-01-17. 
  61. "About Science Translational Medicine (journal)". AAAS. May 2009. http://stm.sciencemag.org/site/misc/about.xhtml. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  62. Singer, Natasha (2009-07-16). "In Push for Cancer Screening, Limited Benefits". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/17/health/17screening.html. Retrieved 2009-10-26. 
  63. "PDQ Cancer Information Summaries: Screening/Detection (Testing for Cancer)". NCI. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/screening. Retrieved 2009-10-27. 
  64. Harris, Gardiner (2009-09-15). "Where Cancer Progress Is Rare, One Man Says No". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/16/health/policy/16cancer.html. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  65. Harmon, Amy (2010-12-28). "Enlisting the Dying for Clues to Save Others". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/27/health/research/27trials.html. Retrieved 2010-12-27. 
  66. Gina Kolata (2009-11-13). "Medicines to Deter Some Cancers Are Not Taken". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/13/health/research/13prevent.html. Retrieved 2009-11-13. 
  67. Parker-Pope, Tara (2009-12-14). "When Lowering the Odds of Cancer Isn’t Enough". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/15/health/15well.html. Retrieved 2009-12-15. 
  68. "NCI Director's Challenge: Toward a Molecular Classification of Cancer". NCI's Cancer Diagnosis Program. Archived from the original on July 4, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080704052940/http://www.cancerdiagnosis.nci.nih.gov/challenge/index.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-05. 
  69. Bernadine Healy M.D. (2008-10-23). "Breaking Cancer's Gene Code". U.S. News & World Report. http://health.usnews.com/articles/health/cancer/2008/10/23/breaking-cancers-gene-code.html. Retrieved 2008-10-28. 
  70. "Empowering Cancer Research". NCI's "The Nation's Investment in Cancer Research". Archived from the original on 2008-06-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20080616063930/http://plan.cancer.gov/Empowering_Cancer_Research.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-05. 
  71. "SNPs May Be The Solution". Understanding Cancer Series: Genetic Variation (SNPs). National Cancer Institute. 2006-09-01. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/understandingcancer/geneticvariation/Slide3. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  72. Pleasance, Erin D. et al.; Cheetham, R. Keira; Stephens, Philip J.; McBride, David J.; Humphray, Sean J.; Greenman, Chris D.; Varela, Ignacio; Lin, Meng-Lay et al. (2009). "A comprehensive catalogue of somatic mutations from a human cancer genome". Nature 463 (7278): 191–6. doi:10.1038/nature08658. PMID 20016485. PMC 3145108. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08658.html. 
  73. Karol Sikora (2009-12-18). "We're winning the war on cancer". Telegraph.co.uk. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/6837951/Were-winning-the-war-on-cancer.html. Retrieved 2009-12-20. 
  74. Akst, Jef (2009-12-16). "Cancer Genomes Sequenced". News blog (The-Scientist.com). http://www.the-scientist.com/blog/display/56221/. Retrieved 2009-12-20. 
  75. "The Cancer Genome Atlas website". National Cancer Institute and the National Human Genome Research Institute. http://cancergenome.nih.gov/index.asp. Retrieved 2009-02-14. 
  76. McLendon, R.; Friedman, Allan; Bigner, Darrell; Van Meir, Erwin G.; Brat, Daniel J.; M. Mastrogianakis, Gena; Olson, Jeffrey J.; Mikkelsen, Tom et al. (2008-10-23). "Comprehensive genomic characterization defines human glioblastoma genes and core pathways". Nature 455 (7216): 1061–1068. doi:10.1038/nature07385. PMID 18772890. PMC 2671642. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/nature07385.html. 
  77. "The Cancer Genome Project website". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Archived from the original on 2013-07-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20130702205644/http://www.sanger.ac.uk/genetics/CGP/. Retrieved 2009-02-14. 
  78. "About caBIG". NCI's cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid website. https://cabig.nci.nih.gov/overview/. Retrieved 2008-12-06. 
  79. Patlak, Margie; Nass, Sharyl (2008). Improving the Quality of Cancer Clinical Trials: Workshop Summary. pp. 136. ISBN 0-309-11668-6. http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12146. 
  80. Grady, Denise (2009-11-16). "Breaching a Barrier to Fight Brain Cancer". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/17/health/17tumor.html. Retrieved 2009-12-20. 
  81. "World's First Delivery of Intra-Arterial Avastin Directly Into Brain Tumor". Science Daily. 2009-11-17. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091117102048.htm. Retrieved 2009-12-20. 
  82. "Cancer Information Service". NCI. http://www.cancer.gov/aboutnci/cis. Retrieved 2009-10-18. 
  83. "Need Answers? 1-800-227-2345". ACS. http://www.cancer.org/docroot/AA/content/AA_2_8_NCIC_1-800-227-2345.asp. Retrieved 2009-11-08. 
  84. "Cancer Prevention and Control". CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/. Retrieved 2010-12-27. 
  85. "World Health Organization's Cancer website". WHO. http://www.who.int/cancer/en/. Retrieved 2010-12-27. 
  86. "Cancer Compass, Community for cancer patients & caregivers.". http://www.cancercompass.com/. Retrieved 2010-12-27. 
  87. "Cancer Survivors Network". ACS. http://csn.cancer.org/forum. Retrieved 2010-12-27. 
  88. "CancerTV". http://www.cancertv.net/. Retrieved 2010-12-27. 
More
©Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons-Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) license; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.
Upload a video for this entry
Information
Subjects: Others
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
HandWiki
View Times: 927
Entry Collection: HandWiki
Revision: 1 time (View History)
Update Date: 18 Oct 2022
Table of Contents
    Notice
    You are not a member of the advisory board for this topic. If you want to update advisory board member profile, please contact office@encyclopedia.pub.
    OK
    Confirm
    Only members of the Encyclopedia advisory board for this topic are allowed to note entries. Would you like to become an advisory board member of the Encyclopedia?
    Yes
    No
    ${ textCharacter }/${ maxCharacter }
    Submit
    Cancel
    There is no comment~
    ${ textCharacter }/${ maxCharacter }
    Submit
    Cancel
    ${ selectedItem.replyTextCharacter }/${ selectedItem.replyMaxCharacter }
    Submit
    Cancel
    Confirm
    Are you sure to Delete?
    Yes No
    Academic Video Service
    Feedback