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HandWiki. Black Piedra. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29732 (accessed on 25 September 2026).
HandWiki. Black Piedra. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29732. Accessed September 25, 2026.
HandWiki. "Black Piedra" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29732 (accessed September 25, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 18). Black Piedra. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29732
HandWiki. "Black Piedra." Encyclopedia. Web. 18 October, 2022.
Black Piedra
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Medicine:Black_piedra

Piedraia hortae is a superficial fungus that exists in the soils of tropical and subtropical environments and affects both sexes of all ages. The fungus grows very slowly, forming dark hyphae, which contain chlamydoconidia cells and black colonies when grown on agar. Piedraia hortae is a dermatophyte and causes a superficial fungal infection known as black piedra, which causes the formation of black nodules on the hair shaft and leads to progressive weakening of the hair. The infection usually infects hairs on the scalp and beard, but other varieties tend to grow on pubic hairs. The infection is usually treated with cutting or shaving of the hair and followed by the application of anti-fungal and topical agents. The fungus is used for cosmetic purposes to darken hair in some societies as a symbol of attractiveness.

fungal infection chlamydoconidia hair shaft

References

  1. Bonifaz, Alexandro; Gómez-Daza, F; Paredes, V; Ponce, R. M. (2010). "Tinea versicolor, tinea nigra, white piedra, and black piedra". Clinics in Dermatology 28 (2): 140–145. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.12.004. PMID 20347655.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clindermatol.2009.12.004
  2. Paixao, G.C (2001). "A patient clinical lesion of black piedra and mycological diagnosis of white piedra". Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 23 (7): 55–58. doi:10.1016/s0196-4399(01)80015-5. ISSN 0196-4399.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0196-4399%2801%2980015-5
  3. Figueras, M.J.; Guarro, J; Zaror, L (1997). "Ultrastructural aspects of hair digestion in black piedra infection". Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 35 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1080/02681219780000791. PMID 9061578.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F02681219780000791
  4. Figueras, M.J.; Guarro, J (1997). "X-ray microanalysis of black piedra". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72 (4): 275–281. doi:10.1023/a:1000409311166. PMID 9442268.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2Fa%3A1000409311166
  5. Figueras, M.J. (2008). "New findings in black piedra infection". Journal of Dermatology 135: 144–161. 
  6. Figueras, María José; Guarro, Josep (2000). "Ultrastructural aspect of keratinolytic activity of piedra". Revista Iberoamericana de Micología: 136–141. http://www.dermatophytes.reviberoammicol.com/p136141.pdf. 
  7. Liu, Dongyou (2011). Molecular Detection of Human Fungal Pathogens. Florida. ISBN 978-1-4398-1240-2. 
  8. eMedicine - Piedra : Article by Robert A Schwartz. 2018-04-17. http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic788.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-08. 
  9. Walsh, Thomas (1996). Medical Microbiology. Texas. 
  10. Schwartz, R.A. (2004). "Superficial fungal infections". Lancet 364 (9440): 1173–82. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17107-9. PMID 15451228.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2804%2917107-9
  11. Drake, Lynn A. (1996). "Guidelines of care for superficial myoctic infections of the skin: Piedra". American Academy of Dermatology 34 (1): 122–124. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(96)90844-0. PMID 8543681.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0190-9622%2896%2990844-0
  12. Dias, Maria Fernanda Reis Gavazzoni; Quaresma-Santos, Maria Victoria Pinto (2013). "Update on therapy for superficial mycoses: review article part I". Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 88 (5): 764–774. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20131996. PMID 24173183.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3798354
  13. Marshall, James (1960). Diseases of the skin. Edinburgh: E. & S. Livingstone. p. 944. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.443445. 
  14. Gip, L (1994). "Black piedra: The first case treated with terbinafine (Lamisil)". British Journal of Dermatology 130 (Suppl 43): 26–28. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06090.x. PMID 8186138.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2133.1994.tb06090.x
  15. Gip L (April 1994). "Black piedra: the first case treated with terbinafine (Lamisil)". The British Journal of Dermatology. 130 Suppl 43: 26–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06090.x. PMID 8186138.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2133.1994.tb06090.x
  16. Moyer, Donald; Keeler, Clyde (1964). "Note on culture of black piedra for cosmetic reasons". Archives of Dermatology 89 (3): 436. doi:10.1001/archderm.1964.01590270122027. PMID 14096368.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1001%2Farchderm.1964.01590270122027
  17. "Infectious Agents". AmericanHairLossAssociation. 2010. http://www.americanhairloss.org/types_of_hair_loss/infectious_agents.asp. 
  18. DoctorFungus (2007). "Piedraia species". DoctorFungusCorporation. http://www.doctorfungus.org/thefungi/piedraia.php. 
  19. Khandpur, Sujay; Reddy, Belum Sivanagi (2002). "Itraconazole therapy for white piedra affecting scalp hair". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 47 (3): 415–418. doi:10.1067/mjd.2002.124072. PMID 12196752.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1067%2Fmjd.2002.124072
  20. Khatu, Swana; Poojary, Shital Amin; Nagpur, Niranjan G (2013). "Nodules on the hair: A rare case of mixed piedra". International Journal of Trichology 5 (4): 220–223. doi:10.4103/0974-7753.130421. PMID 24778538.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3999658
  21. "Aquatic Pathogens". Province ofBritishColumbia. 2001. http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wat/wq/reference/fungi.html#spec21. 
  22. Ruibal, Constantino; Millanes, Ana; Hawksworth, David (2011). "Molecular phylogenetic studies on the lichenicolous Xanthoriicola physciae reveal antarctic rock inhabiting fungi and Piedraia species among closest relatives in the teratosphaeriaceae". IMA Fungus 2 (1): 97–103. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.01.13. PMID 22679593.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3317360
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