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References

1. Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae. 1 (10th ed.). Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius. p. 205. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/226/mode/1up. 
2. Theophrastus; Hort, Arthur F. (1926). Enquiry into Plants, Volume II: Books 6-9. On Odours. Weather Signs. Loeb. p. 400. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Theophrastus/De_signis*.html#15. 
3. Wallace, Ella Faye (2018). The Sorcerer's Pharmacy. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers (Doctoral Dissertation). p. 44. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/59256/PDF/1/play/. Retrieved 11 March 2021. 
4. "sicut salamandrae, animal lacertae figura, stellatum, numquam nisi magnis imbribus proveniens et serenitate desinens"
5. Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, John Bostock and Henry Thomas Riley, eds., London: Taylor and Francis, 1855. Translation slightly modified.
6. *Arie van der Meijden (1999-12-30). "AmphibiaWeb: Salamandra atra". http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/amphib_query?table=amphib&special=one_record&where-genus=Salamandra&where-species=atra. 
7. *Sergius L. Kuzmin (1999-10-06). "AmphibiaWeb: Salamandra salamandra". http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/amphib_query?table=amphib&special=one_record&where-genus=Salamandra&where-species=salamandra. 
8. History of Animals, Book V, Ch. XVII, Sec. 13 in the Cresswell translation
9. White, T. H. (1992). The Book of Beasts: Being a Translation From a Latin Bestiary of the Twelfth Century. Stroud: Alan Sutton. pp. 183–184. ISBN 978-0-7509-0206-9. 
10. Bodson, Liliane (2002). "Amphibians and Reptiles". in Jashemski, Wilhelmina Feemster; Meyer, Frederick G.. The Natural History of Pompeii. Cambridge University Press. pp. 329–330. 
11. Aelian (1958). Scholfield, A.F.. ed. De Natura Animalium. Loeb. p. Bk. 2, Sec. 30. http://www.attalus.org/translate/animals2.html#31. Retrieved 10 March 2021. 
12. "Salamandra and the Flames of Hell" by Reb Chaim HaQoton https://independent.academia.edu/RudolphKlein/Papers/1223468/Salamandra_and_the_Flames_of_Hell
13. Augustine of Hippo. Philip Schaff. ed (in en, la). St. Augustine's City of God and Christian Doctrine. p. 454 (Book 21, Ch. 4). http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf102. 
14. Florence McCulloch, Medieval Latin and French Bestiaries Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1962, pp.161–162
15. "The TOLKIEN GALLERY: Balrogs and other Fire Spirits". http://quicksilver899.com/Tolkien_Gallery/TolkienGallery8.html. 
16. "Symbolic Art Gallery". University of Philosophical Research. http://www.uprs.edu/resources/symbolic-art-gallery/alchemy-and-magic-gallery/. 
17. Rubinas Dorsey, Romayne. "Later In France". http://indianapublicmedia.org/poetsweave/france/. 
18. This was also claimed in an early version of the present article.
19. Sahagun, Louis. Master of the Mysteries: The Life of Manly Palmer Hall. Port Townsend, Washington: Process Media, 2008, page 52.
20. Manly P. Hall, The Secret Teachings of All Ages: An Encyclopedic Outline of Masonic, Hermetic, Qabbalistic and Rosicrucian Symbolical Philosophy, (original publisher unclear-see [1] for on-line text), (1928).
21. Renate Freitag-Stadler and Erhard Schön, Die Welt des Hans Sachs, City History Museum of Nuremberg, 1976, p. 24 (Kat. 25/15)
22. von Hohenheim (Paracelsus), Theophrastus (1603). "Ein Auslegung der Figuren So Zu Nürnberg Gefunden Sind Worden". Bücher und Schriften: Adiunctus est Index rerum et verborum accuratiß. Et copiosissimus. p. 375. https://books.google.com/books?id=qSlAAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PT194. 
23. "ein Salamander oder ein wüster Wurm/Mit einem Menschen Kopff/unnd gekrönet mit einer Kron/unnd ein Bapst Hut darinn"
24. Netzhammer, Raymund (1900). Theophrastus Paracelsus: das wissenswerteste über leben, lehre und schriften des berühmten Einsiedler arztes. Benziger. p. 34. ISBN 9785877313644. https://books.google.com/books?id=aP0sAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA4. 
25. Conrad Lycosthenes, Prodigiorum ac ostentorum chronicon, 1557 http://www.propheties.it/nostradamus/prodigiorum/prodigiorum1.html
26. "The Book of Lambspring". 31 May 2013. http://www.compendiumnaturalis.net/the-book-of-lambspring-1556/. 
27. Thomas Bulfinch (1913). Age of Fable: Vols. I & II: Stories of Gods and Heroes: XXXVI. e. The Salamander http://www.bartleby.com/181/365.html
28. Friar, Stephen (1987). A New Dictionary of Heraldry. London: Alphabooks/A & C Black. pp. 300. ISBN 978-0-906670-44-6. 
29. Eric Desrentes (24 June 2009). "Question : Salamandre et hiéroglyphes ?" (in fr). hieroglyphes.over-blog.com/. http://hieroglyphes.over-blog.com/article-33035010.html. 
30. Browne, Thomas; James Eason (1672). "Pseudodoxia Epidemica". p. 314 (note 1). http://penelope.uchicago.edu/pseudodoxia/pseudo314.html#note1. 
31. Book XX: Humorous Writings, The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci, edited by Jean Paul Richter, 1880. (online) (unconfirmed) https://www.fromoldbooks.org/Richter-NotebooksOfLeonardo/section-20/item-1236.html
32. Theophrast von Hohenheim a.k.a. Paracelsus, Sämtliche Werke: Abt. 1, v. 14, sec. 7, Liber de nymphis, sylphis, pygmaeis et salamandris et de caeteris spiritibus. Karl Sudhoff and Wilh. Matthießen, eds. Munich:Oldenbourg, 1933.
33. Paracelsus (1941). Four Treatises of Theophrastus Von Hohenheim Called Paracelsus. The Johns Hopkins Press. p. 221 ff. 
34. Richardson, Glenn. "Le roi-chevalier." History Today (May 2015) vol. 65, issue 5, pp. 39–45
35. Josy Marty-Dufaut (2005) (in fr). Les animaux du Moyen Âge réels et mythiques. Autres temps. ISBN 978-2845211650. 
36. Brasey, Édouard (14 September 2007). La Petite Encyclopédie du merveilleux. Paris: Éditions le pré aux clercs. pp. 161–162. ISBN 978-2842283216. 
37. Clare Browne, "Salamander's Wool: The Historical Evidence for Textiles Woven with Asbestos Fibre", Textile History, Volume 34, Number 1, May 2003, pp. 64–73(10) (abstract) http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/maney/tex/2003/00000034/00000001/art00008
38. Borges, Jorge Luis (1969). 
39. Arthur Fox-Davies, A Complete Guide to Heraldry, T.C. and E.C. Jack, London, 1909, p 230, https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxduoft.
40. A Way with Words:Dessert Stomach, US public radio, 12 May 2018 (audio) https://www.waywordradio.org/dessert-stomach/
41. Forged Iron Salamander at Jas. Townsend and Son YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUYWn9s8xC4