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HandWiki. Charivari. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29621 (accessed on 30 September 2026).
HandWiki. Charivari. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29621. Accessed September 30, 2026.
HandWiki. "Charivari" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29621 (accessed September 30, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 17). Charivari. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29621
HandWiki. "Charivari." Encyclopedia. Web. 17 October, 2022.
Charivari
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Social:Charivari

Charivari, shivaree, chivaree, or skimmington (ride) was a folk custom in which a mock parade was staged through a community accompanied by a discordant mock serenade. Since the crowd aimed to make as much noise as possible by beating on pots and pans or anything that came to hand these parades are often referred to as rough music. Parades were of three types. In the first, and generally most violent form, a wrongdoer or wrongdoers might be dragged from their home or place of work and paraded by force through a community. In the process they were subject to the derision of the crowd, they might be pelted and frequently a victim or victims were dunked at the end of the proceedings. A safer form involved a neighbour of the wrongdoer impersonating the victim whilst being carried through the streets. The impersonator was obviously not himself punished and he often cried out or sang ribald verses mocking the wrongdoer. In the common form, an effigy was employed instead, abused and often burnt at the end of the proceedings. Communities used "rough music" to express their disapproval of different types of violation of community norms. For example, they might target marriages of which they disapproved such as a union between an older widower and much younger woman, or the too early remarriage by a widow or widower. Villages also used charivari in cases of adulterous relationships, against wife beaters, and unmarried mothers. It was also used as a form of shaming upon husbands who were beaten by their wives and had not stood up for themselves. In some cases, the community disapproved of any remarriage by older widows or widowers. Charivari is the original French word, and in Canada it is used by both English and French speakers. Chivaree became the common variant in Ontario, Canada. In the United States, the term shivaree is more common. As species of popular justice rituals Charivaric events were carefully planned and they were often staged at times of traditional festivity thereby blending delivering justice and celebration.

festivity charivari rituals

References

  1. Historiae Augustae scriptores VI. ex officina Hackiana. 1671. p. 822 (note by Claudius Salmasius). 
  2. Kremer, William (23 March 2014). "What medieval Europe did with its teenagers". BBC News Magazine. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-26289459. Retrieved 23 March 2014. 
  3. Banks, Stephen (2014) Informal Justice in England and Wales, 1780-1918, P. 63 Boydell Press, ISBN:978-1-84383-940-8.
  4. The Nottinghamshire Heritage Gateway: Folklore and customs, by Dr Peter Millington Includes a rare photograph of a ran-tan at Rampton, Nottinghamshire (1909) http://www.nottsheritagegateway.org.uk/themes/folklore/folkloregraphic.htm
  5. Thompson, E. P. (1992). "Rough Music Reconsidered". Folklore 103: 3–26. doi:10.1080/0015587X.1992.9715826. http://www.csulb.edu/~ssayeghc/theory/wintertheory/rough%20music.pdf. Retrieved 14 July 2012. 
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  8. Illustrated London News, 14 August 1909.
  9. The word was said to derive from lewd + belling: Illustrated London News, 14 August 1909, page 233.
  10. Page, Norman (1997). "Appendix G: The Skimmington Ride". The Mayor of Casterbridge. Broadview Press. ISBN 978-1-55111-122-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=5p3E9oL2G4EC&pg=PA391&dq=skimmington&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html. 
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  15. Bloxham, Christine (2005). Folklore of Oxfordshire. Tempus. pp. 60–61. ISBN 978-0-7524-3664-7. 
  16. Banks Stephen, Informal Justice in England and Wales, 1760-1914 Chapter Five
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  20. Roberts, George (1856). The Social History of the People of the Southern Counties of England in Past Centuries. Longman. pp. 535–536. https://archive.org/details/socialhistorype01robegoog. 
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  23. Bartleby.com The Golden Bough (1922 edition), Sir James George Frazer, Ch 56 The Public Expulsion of Evils §1 The Omnipresence of Demons op.cit., Ch 56 §2 The Occasional Expulsion of Evils op.cit., Ch56 §3 The Periodic Expulsion of Evils http://www.bartleby.com/196/136.html
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  25. "What's On - Dorset". visit-dorset.com. http://www.visit-dorset.com/site/whats-on/sherborne-pack-monday-fair-p481763. Retrieved 6 January 2017. 
  26. John Kirpatrick, Sleeve notes for Wassail! A Traditional Celebration of an English Midwinter, John Kirpatrick et al., Fellside Records, FECD125 (1997)
  27. "British Folk Customs, Broughton Tin Can Band, Northamptonshire". information-britain.co.uk. http://www.information-britain.co.uk/customdetail.php?id=88. Retrieved 6 January 2017. 
  28. "Broughton Parish Plan (pdf)". http://www.kettering.gov.uk/downloads/Broughton_1_.pdf. Retrieved 25 September 2017. 
  29. Longmore, George (1977). The Charivari or Canadian Poetics. Ottawa: The Golden Dog Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-919614-18-5. 
  30. Johnson, Loretta T. (1990). "Charivari/Shivaree: A European Folk Ritual on American Plains". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 20 (3): 371–387 [p. 379]. doi:10.2307/204083.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F204083
  31. Johnson (1990), p. 375.
  32. Johnson (1990), p. 379.
  33. Alford, Violet (1959). "Rough Music or Charivari". Folklore 70 (4): 505–518 [p. 510]. doi:10.1080/0015587x.1959.9717197.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F0015587x.1959.9717197
  34. Lewis, Norman (2011). "Ibiza". A View of the World: Selected Journalism. London: Eland. ISBN 978-1-78060-037-6. 
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  36. Wermuth, Thomas S. (Spring 2016). "Charivari on the Hudson: Misrule, Disorder, and Festive Play in the Countryside, 1750 -1900". The Hudson River Valley Review (Hudson River Valley Institute at Marist College) 32 (2): 27–52. http://www.hudsonrivervalley.org/review/pdfs/hrvr_32pt2_online.pdf. Retrieved 2018-03-03. 
  37. Palmer (2005), p. 51.
  38. Johnson (1990), p. 387.
  39. Russell, Whitney (2017-11-24). "Why Do We Fasten Tin Cans to Newlyweds’ Car Bumpers?" (in en-US). https://thenewswheel.com/why-do-we-fasten-tin-cans-to-the-newlyweds-car-bumper/. 
  40. Kyle S. Vanlandingham, "James T. Magbee: ‘Union Man, Undoubted Secessionist and High Priest in the Radical Synagogue," Sunland Tribune 20, no. 1 (1994): 7–23.
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  42. Johnson (1990), p. 376.
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  48. Thompson, E. P. (1993). "Rough Music". Customs in Common. New York: New Press. pp. 467–531. ISBN 978-1-56584-003-4. https://archive.org/details/customsincommon00thom/page/467. 
  49. All about us, from Charivari Agréable's official website. http://www.charivari.co.uk/index.html
  50. Quinion, Michael (16 December 2000). "World Wide Words". Skimmington. World Wide Words. http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-ski1.htm. Retrieved 1 January 2010. 
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