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HandWiki. Presidential Cabinets of the Weimar Republic. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29585 (accessed on 03 October 2026).
HandWiki. Presidential Cabinets of the Weimar Republic. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29585. Accessed October 03, 2026.
HandWiki. "Presidential Cabinets of the Weimar Republic" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29585 (accessed October 03, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 17). Presidential Cabinets of the Weimar Republic. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29585
HandWiki. "Presidential Cabinets of the Weimar Republic." Encyclopedia. Web. 17 October, 2022.
Presidential Cabinets of the Weimar Republic
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Social:Presidential_cabinets_of_the_Weimar_Republic

Presidential cabinets (German: Präsidialkabinette) is a term applied to a succession of governments of the Weimar Republic whose legitimacy derived exclusively from presidential emergency decrees. From April 1930 to January 1933, three chancellors, Heinrich Brüning, Franz von Papen, and Kurt von Schleicher, governed without the consent of the Reichstag, Germany's lower house of parliament. Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution gave the President of Germany (Reichspräsident) the power to pass emergency measures which did not require parliamentary support, as long as the federal cabinet approved of them. After a grand coalition led by chancellor Hermann Müller collapsed, president Paul von Hindenburg appointed the Centre Party politician Heinrich Brüning to the chancellorship. Since Brüning did not command a majority in parliament, he governed exclusively through the president's emergency powers. Whenever the government suffered parliamentary defeats, Hindenburg would dissolve the Reichstag and enable Brüning to stay in office. During Brüning's time in office, the fascist National Socialist German Workers' Party and its leader Adolf Hitler became an influential force in German politics. Brüning legislated to oppose the party's paramilitary activity but was replaced with Franz von Papen, a conservative advisor of the president, who sought to compromise with the forces of the radical right. His short-lived presidential government saw the NSDAP gain the largest share of seats in parliament in the election of July 1932. Unable to overcome parliamentary obstruction, he was succeeded by Kurt von Schleicher, who, in turn, gave way to Adolf Hitler on 30 January 1933. The presidential cabinets have been interpreted as a result of scepticism towards parliamentary government in German society as well as a fundamental shift in political practice towards a strong presidential ruler. Hindenburg's decision to govern without the support of the Reichstag constitutes a milestone on Germany's progression from a multi-party democracy to a totalitarian dictatorship under Hitler.

multi-party präsidialkabinette political practice

References

  1. Kolb 2013, p. 19.
  2. Kolb 2013, pp. 19–20.
  3. Winkler 1993, p. 101.
  4. Dyzenhaus 1997, p. 123.
  5. Kolb 2013, p. 88.
  6. Winkler 1993, p. 338.
  7. Kolb 2013, p. 90.
  8. "Young Plan". Encyclopædia Britannica. 1998. https://www.britannica.com/event/Young-Plan. 
  9. Bergmann 1930, p. 583.
  10. Kolb 2013, p. 132.
  11. Winkler 1993, p. 280.
  12. Schulz 1992, p. 13-15.
  13. Winkler 1993, pp. 377–378.
  14. Kolb 2013, p. 133.
  15. Winkler 1993, p. 381.
  16. Schulz 1992, p. 122.
  17. Kolb 2013, p. 134.
  18. Kolb 2013, p. 135.
  19. Kolb 2013, p. 138.
  20. Kolb 2013, p. 139.
  21. Kolb 2013, p. 140.
  22. Kolb 2013, pp. 140–141.
  23. Winkler 1993, p. 470.
  24. "Franz von Papen 1879–1969" (in de). https://www.dhm.de/lemo/biografie/franz-papen. 
  25. Winkler 1993, p. 479.
  26. Kolb 2013, p. 143.
  27. Winkler 1993, pp. 505–506.
  28. Kolb 2013, p. 144.
  29. Winkler 1993, pp. 523–524.
  30. Winkler 1993, pp. 536–537.
  31. Kolb 2013, p. 145.
  32. Kolb 2013, p. 146.
  33. Winkler 1993, p. 557.
  34. Kolb 2013, p. 147.
  35. Winkler 1993, p. 606.
  36. Kolb 2013, p. 148.
  37. Kolb 2013, pp. 149–150.
  38. Kolb 2013, p. 150.
  39. Rödder 1999, p. 100.
  40. Rödder 1999, p. 101.
  41. Winkler 1993, p. 604.
  42. Kolb 2013, p. 151.
  43. Kolb 2013, p. 151-152.
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