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HandWiki. Technocrat. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29581 (accessed on 15 September 2026).
HandWiki. Technocrat. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29581. Accessed September 15, 2026.
HandWiki. "Technocrat" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29581 (accessed September 15, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 17). Technocrat. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29581
HandWiki. "Technocrat." Encyclopedia. Web. 17 October, 2022.
Technocrat
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Social:Technocrat

Technocracy is an ideological system of governance in which a decision-maker or makers are elected by the population or appointed on the basis of their expertise in a given area of responsibility, particularly with regard to scientific or technical knowledge. This system explicitly contrasts with Representative Democracy, the notion that elected representatives should be the primary decision-makers in government, though it does not necessarily imply eliminating elected representatives. Leadership skills for decision-makers are selected on the basis of specialized knowledge and performance, rather than political affiliations or parliamentary skills. The term technocracy was originally used to advocate the application of the scientific method to solving social problems. Concern could be given to sustainability within the resource base, instead of monetary profitability, so as to ensure continued operation of all social-industrial functions. In its most extreme sense technocracy is an entire government running as a technical or engineering problem and is mostly hypothetical. In more practical use, technocracy is any portion of a bureaucracy that is run by technologists. A government in which elected officials appoint experts and professionals to administer individual government functions and recommend legislation can be considered technocratic. Some uses of the word refer to a form of meritocracy, where the ablest are in charge, ostensibly without the influence of special interest groups. Critics have suggested that a "technocratic divide" challenges more participatory models of democracy, describing these divides as "efficacy gaps that persist between governing bodies employing technocratic principles and members of the general public aiming to contribute to government decision making".

models sustainability technocracy

References

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  2. "Who Is A Technocrat? – Wilton Ivie – (1953)". 2001-03-11. Archived from the original on December 30, 2004. https://web.archive.org/web/20041230024203/http://www.technocracy.org/periodicals/nwtechnocrat/237/who-is-a-technocrat.html. Retrieved 2012-05-16. 
  3. Howard Scott Interviewed by Radcliff Student – Origins of Technical Alliance & Technocracy – (1962) on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-TRc9kGle7U
  4. Barry Jones (1995, fourth edition). Sleepers, Wake! Technology and the Future of Work, Oxford University Press, p. 214.
  5. Oxford English Dictionary 3rd edition (Word from 2nd edition 1989)
  6. "Technocracy - Define Technocracy at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/technocracy. 
  7. Berndt, Ernst R. (1982). From technocracy to net energy analysis: engineers, economists and recurring energy theories of value. Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/2023/SWP-1353-09057784.pdf. 
  8. "Technocracy facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Technocracy". http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Technocracy.aspx. 
  9. Wickman, Forrest (November 11, 2011). "What's a Technocrat?". The Slate Group. http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2011/11/technocrats_and_the_european_debt_crisis_what_s_a_technocrat_.html. 
  10. "Who, What, Why: What can technocrats achieve that politicians can't?". BBC. November 14, 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15720438. Retrieved April 23, 2013. 
  11. "Technocrats: Minds like machines". The Economist. 19 November 2011. http://www.economist.com/node/21538698. Retrieved 21 February 2012. 
  12. McDonnell, Duncan; Valbruzzi, Marco (2014). "Defining and classifying technocrat-led and technocratic governments". European Journal of Political Research 53 (4): 654–671. doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12054. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261568742. 
  13. Peleschuk, Dan (14 June 2017). "If Putin Died Tomorrow, Who Would Take Over? These Technocrats Have a Chance". Ozy. http://www.ozy.com/provocateurs/life-after-putin-the-technocrats/78972. 
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  15. Encyclopædia Britannica, Saint Simon; Socialism
  16. Bell, Daniel (2008) [1st. Pub. 1976]. The Coming Of Post-industrial Society. p. 76. ISBN 978-0465097135. https://archive.org/details/comingofpostindu00bell_0. Retrieved 2014-11-02. 
  17. "Bogdanov, technocracy and socialism". worldsocialism.org. Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20070926223913/http://www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/apr07/page10.html. 
  18. Njálsson, Gunnar K. A. (2005). "From Autonomous to Socially Conceived Technology: Toward a Causal, Intentional and Systematic Analysis of Interests and Elites in Public Technology Policy". Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory 52 (108): 56–81. doi:10.3167/th.2005.5210805.  https://dx.doi.org/10.3167%2Fth.2005.5210805
  19. "Parliament's legislative initiative". Library of the European Parliament. 24 Oct 2013. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/bibliotheque/briefing/2013/130619/LDM_BRI(2013)130619_REV2_EN.pdf. Retrieved 24 May 2019. 
  20. Graham, Loren R. (1993). The Ghost of the Executed Engineer: Technology and the Fall of the Soviet Union. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674354364. https://archive.org/details/ghostofexecutede00grah. 
  21. Cheng, Li; White, Lynn (1990). "Elite Transformation and Modern Change in Mainland China and Taiwan: Empirical Data and the Theory of Technocracy". The China Quarterly 121 (121): 1–35. doi:10.1017/S0305741000013497.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0305741000013497
  22. "Why do Chinese leaders have a degree in engineering and American leaders have degrees in law?". Gigazine. 2016-03-01. https://gigazine.net/gsc_news/en/20160301-chinese-engineering-american-law. Retrieved 2018-03-18. 
  23. Andreas, Joel (2009). Rise of the Red Engineers: The Cultural Revolution and the Origins of China's New Class. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804760775. https://books.google.com/books?id=iRr8GOrCLgkC. 
  24. "Out with the technocrats, in with China's new breed of politicians" (in en). 2017-10-26. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/2117169/out-technocrats-chinas-new-breed-politicians. 
  25. Palmer, James. "China's Overrated Technocrats" (in en-US). https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/07/04/chinas-overrated-technocrats-stem-engineering-xi-jinping/. 
  26. Gundle, Stephen (ed.); Parker, Simon (ed.) (1996) [1st. Pub. 1996]. The new Italian Republic: from the fall of the Berlin Wall to Berlusconi. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-12162-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=vL-20NZx2OQC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage. Retrieved 21 February 2012. 
  27. D'Alimonte, Roberto; Bartolini, Stefano (1997). "'Electoral Transition' and party system change in Italy". in Bull, Martin J; Rhodes, Martin. In: Crisis and transition in Italian politics. Routledge. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-7146-4366-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ny-LuRLiipUC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA226#v=onepage. 
  28. MacKenzie, James; Moody, Barry (16 November 2011). "Italy gets new technocrat government". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/16/italy-idUSL5E7MG0PF20111116. Retrieved 19 February 2012. 
  29. "Italy's new prime minister — The full Monti: Mario Monti holds out for a technocratic government until 2013". The Economist. 19 November 2011. http://www.economist.com/node/21538778. Retrieved 19 February 2012. 
  30. "Q&A: Greece's 'technocratic' government". BBC News. 11 November 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-15690289. Retrieved 21 February 2012. 
  31. "Tunisia's new prime minister takes office". AlJazeera. AlJazeera. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/01/tunisia-new-prime-minister-takes-office-201411016745324360.html. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
  32. Sandfort, Sandy (1993). "The Intelligent Island". Wired 1 (4 (September/October)). ISSN 1059-1028. https://www.wired.com/1993/04/sandfort/. 
  33. Haber, Samuel. Efficiency and Uplift Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.
  34. Stabile, Donald R. (1986). "Veblen and the Political Economy of the Engineer". American Journal of Economics and Sociology 45 (1): 41–52. doi:10.1111/j.1536-7150.1986.tb01899.x.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1536-7150.1986.tb01899.x
  35. The life of Thorstein Veblen and perspectives on his thought. introd. Thorstein Veblen. New York: Routledge. 1993. ISBN 978-0-415-07487-2. "The decisive difference between Marx and Veblen lay in their respective attitudes on socialism. For while Marx regarded socialism as the ultimate goal for civilization, Veblen saw socialism as but one stage in the economic evolution of society." 
  36. Bell, Daniel (1963). "Veblen and the New Class". The American Scholar 32 (4): 616–638.  (cited in Tilman, Rick (1992). Thorstein Veblen and His Critics, 1891-1963: Conservative, Liberal, and Radical Perspectives. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400862863. https://books.google.com/books?id=DTYABAAAQBAJ. )
  37. Burris, Beverly H. (1993). Technocracy at Work. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791414958. https://books.google.com/books?id=I-k0hgtaiCcC&pg=PA31. 
  38. Fischer, Frank (1990). Technocracy and the Politics of Expertise. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9780803933798. https://books.google.com/books?id=rLiGAAAAMAAJ. 
  39. Nelson, Daniel (1978). "Technocratic Abundance. [Reviewed Work: Technocracy and the American Dream: The Technocrat Movement, 1900-1941. by William E. Akin]". Reviews in American History 6 (1): 104–108. doi:10.2307/2701484.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2701484
  40. McNulty, P. J. (1978). "Technocracy and the American Dream: The Technocrat Movement, 1900-1941. By William E. Akin [book review]". History of Political Economy 10 (4): 682–683. doi:10.1215/00182702-10-4-682.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1215%2F00182702-10-4-682
  41. Obar, Jonathan A. (2016). "Closing the Technocratic Divide? Activist Intermediaries, Digital Form Letters, and Public Involvement in FCC Policy Making". International Journal of Communication 10. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/4821/1865. 
  42. Fisher, W.R. (1987). Human communication as narration: Toward a philosophy of reason, value and action.. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. 
  43. McKenna, Bernard J.; Graham, Philip (2000). "Technocratic Discourse: A Primer". Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 30 (3): 223–251. doi:10.2190/56FY-V5TH-2U3U-MHQK. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41035399. 
  44. Runciman, David (2018-05-01). "Why replacing politicians with experts is a reckless idea" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/may/01/why-replacing-politicians-with-experts-is-a-reckless-idea. 
  45. Blum, Sam. "How All Our Tech Heroes Turned into Tech Villains" (in en-us). https://www.gq.com/story/tech-villain-era. 
  46. Gunnell, John G. (July 1982). "The Technocratic Image and the Theory of Technocracy". Technology and Culture 23 (3): 392–416. doi:10.2307/3104485. PMID 11611029.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F3104485
  47. Leyden, Peter Schwartz,Peter (1997-07-01). "The Long Boom: A History of the Future, 1980–2020". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. https://www.wired.com/1997/07/longboom/. 
  48. Boorstin, Daniel J. The Republic of Technology (New York, 1978), p. 6, 59.
  49. "Jeff Bezos Says Tech Shouldn't Turn Against the Federal Government" (in en). https://www.govtech.com/civic/Jeff-Bezos-Says-Tech-Shouldnt-Turn-Against-the-Federal-Government.html. 
  50. Board, Editorial. "Opinion | Facebook is looking a lot like a government" (in en). https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/facebook-is-looking-a-lot-like-a-government/2020/02/23/2977a204-53f1-11ea-929a-64efa7482a77_story.html. 
  51. Leetaru, Kalev. "Facebook As The Ultimate Government Surveillance Tool?" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2018/07/20/facebook-as-the-ultimate-government-surveillance-tool/. 
  52. LaFrance, Adrienne (2020-01-25). "Hillary Clinton: Mark Zuckerberg Has 'Authoritarian' Views on Misinformation" (in en-US). https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/01/hillary-clinton-mark-zuckerberg-is-trumpian-and-authoritarian/605485/. 
  53. Brian D. Loader, Ariadne Vromen & Michael A. Xenos (2014) The networked young citizen: social media, political participation and civic engagement, Information, Communication & Society, 17:2 https://www.dhi.ac.uk/san/waysofbeing/data/citizenship-robson-loader-2014.pdf
  54. Norris, P. (2002). Democratic pheonix: Reinventing democratic activism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  55. Effing, Robin; Van Hillegersberg, Jos; Huibers, Theo (2011). "Social Media and Political Participation: Are Facebook,Twitter and YouTube Democratizing Our Political Systems?". Human Media Interaction. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6847: 25–35. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23333-3_3. ISBN 978-3-642-23332-6. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-23333-3_3.pdf. 
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