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HandWiki. Conscience Clause. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29576 (accessed on 24 September 2026).
HandWiki. Conscience Clause. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29576. Accessed September 24, 2026.
HandWiki. "Conscience Clause" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29576 (accessed September 24, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 17). Conscience Clause. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29576
HandWiki. "Conscience Clause." Encyclopedia. Web. 17 October, 2022.
Conscience Clause
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Conscience clauses are legal clauses attached to laws in some parts of the United States and other countries which permit pharmacists, physicians, and/or other providers of health care not to provide certain medical services for reasons of religion or conscience. In many cases, the clauses also permit health care providers to refuse to refer patients to unopposed providers. Those who choose not to refer or provide services may not be disciplined or discriminated against. The provision is most frequently enacted in connection with issues relating to reproduction, such as abortion, sterilization, contraception, and stem cell based treatments, but may include any phase of patient care.

health care providers health care stem cell

References

  1. Douglas Nejaime & Reva Siegel, Conscience Wars: Complicity-Based Conscience Claims in Religion and Politics, 124 Yale Law Journal 2516 (2015). http://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/j.2516.NeJaime-Siegel.2591_r4r9q2au.pdf
  2. Appel, J. M (2005). "Judicial diagnosis 'conscience' vs. Care how refusal clauses are reshaping the rights revolution". Medicine and Health, Rhode Island 88 (8): 279–81. PMID 16273974.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16273974
  3. Thaddeus Mason Pope, Legal Briefing: Conscience Clauses and Conscientious Refusal, 21(2) Journal of Clinical Ethics 163-180 (2010), http://clinicalethics.com/
  4. Glenn E. Roper, An Open Question in Utah's Open Courts Jurisprudence: The Utah Wrongful Life Act and Wood v. University of Utah Medical Center, 2004 BYU L. Rev. 893 (2004). http://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2204&context=lawreview
  5. Appel, J. M (2004). "Physicians, "wrongful life" and the Constitution". Medicine and Health, Rhode Island 87 (2): 55–8. PMID 15031969.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031969
  6. Stein, Rob (December 19, 2008). "Rule Shields Health Workers Who Withhold Care Based on Beliefs". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/18/AR2008121801556.html?sub=AR. Retrieved May 22, 2010. 
  7. Stein, Rob (18 February 2011). "Obama Administration Replaces Controversial 'Conscience' Regulation for Health-Care Workers". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/18/AR2011021803251.html. Retrieved 10 July 2016. 
  8. Regulation for the Enforcement of Federal Health Care Provider Conscience Protection Laws, 76 Fed. Reg. 9968 (Feb. 23, 2011) (to be codified at 45 C.F.R. pt. 88). https://federalregister.gov/a/2011-3993
  9. Catherine Grealis, Religion in the Pharmacy: A Balanced Approach to Pharmacists’ Right To Refuse To Provide Plan B, 97 Georgetown Law Journal 1715 (2009). http://georgetownlawjournal.org/files/pdf/97-6/Grealis.PDF
  10. Morr-Fitz, Inc. v. Quinn, 976 N.E.2d 1160, 364 Ill. Dec. 597 (App. Ct. 2012). https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=3948793665091842366&hl=en&as_sdt=2006
  11. Jason R. Mau, Stormans and the Pharmacists: Where Have All the Conscientious Rx Gone?, 114 Penn St. L. Rev. 293 (2009). http://www.pennstatelawreview.org/articles/114%20Penn%20St.%20L.%20Rev.%20293.pdf
  12. Recent cases: Ninth Circuit Rejects Strict Srutiny for Pharmacy Dispensing Requirement, 123 Harv. L. Rev. 596 (2009). http://cdn.harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/vol123_stormans_v_selecky.pdf
  13. Whelan, Ed (29 March 2016). "A Prescription for Religious Liberty". National Review. http://www.nationalreview.com/bench-memos/433406/stormans-cert-petition. Retrieved 10 July 2016. 
  14. Noel E. Horton, Article I, Section 11: A Poor "Plan B" for Washington's Religious Pharmacists", 85 Wash. L Rev. 739 (2010). https://digital.lib.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/493/85WLR739.pdf?sequence=1
  15. Stormans, Inc. v. Selecky, 524 F. Supp. 2d 1245 (W.D. Wash. 2007). https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=4766384879284020369&hl=en&as_sdt=2006
  16. Stormans, Inc. v. Selecky, 526 F.3d 406 (2008). https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=2931624592913244137&hl=en&as_sdt=2006
  17. Stormans, Inc. v. Selecky, 571 F.3d 960 (2009), 586 F.3d 1109 (vacating concurrent with filing of new opinion). https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=3829532757511494628&hl=en&as_sdt=2006
  18. Stormans, Inc. v. Selecky, 844 F.Supp.2d 1172 (2012), 854 F.Supp.2d 925 (findings of fact and conclusions of law). https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=15387952290284090879&hl=en&as_sdt=2006
  19. Stormans, Inc. v. Wiesman, 794 F.3d 1064 (2015). https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=2698078703628605908&hl=en&as_sdt=2006
  20. Youtube video of oral argument in Pioneer Courthouse on November 20, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1DEKshDFUg
  21. http://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/stormans-inc-v-wiesman/
  22. Green, Emma (29 June 2016). "Even Christian Pharmacists Have to Stock Plan B". The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/06/pharmacists-have-to-sell-emergency-contracptioneven-if-it-violates-their-religious-beliefs/489182/. Retrieved 10 July 2016. 
  23. Stormans, Inc. v. Wiesman, No. 15-862 (U.S. June 28, 2016). https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/15pdf/15-862_2c8f.pdf
  24. "Left, right: Thirty years ago, progressives embraced religious exemptions. No longer.". The Economist. 9 July 2016. https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21701802-thirty-years-ago-progressives-embraced-religious-exemptions-no-longer-left-right. Retrieved 10 July 2016. 
  25. S. 2625 https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-bill/2625
  26. S. 2960 https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/2960
  27. Refusal Clauses: A Threat to Reproductive Rights http://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/PPFA/refusalclauses_12-04.pdf
  28. "Obama's Threat to Catholic Hospitals" Melinda Henneberger writing in Slate http://www.slate.com/id/2205326
  29. Obama administration gives groups more time to comply with birth control rule. Washington Post. NC Aizenman. January 20, 2012. 8:51 AM. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/obama-administration-holds-to-birth-control-insurance-rule-but-gives-religious-groups-more-time-to-comply/2012/01/20/gIQAR84nDQ_story.html
  30. "Sterilization or Abortion" US Code § 300a–7. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/300a-7
  31. Freedman, LR; Landy, U; Steinauer, J (2008). "When there's a heartbeat: miscarriage management in Catholic-owned hospitals". Am J Public Health 98 (10): 1774–8. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.126730. PMID 18703442.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2636458
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