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HandWiki. Facial Cleft. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29407 (accessed on 24 September 2026).
HandWiki. Facial Cleft. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29407. Accessed September 24, 2026.
HandWiki. "Facial Cleft" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29407 (accessed September 24, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 14). Facial Cleft. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29407
HandWiki. "Facial Cleft." Encyclopedia. Web. 14 October, 2022.
Facial Cleft
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Medicine:Facial_cleft

A facial cleft is an opening or gap in the face, or a malformation of a part of the face. Facial clefts is a collective term for all sorts of clefts. All structures like bone, soft tissue, skin etc. can be affected. Facial clefts are extremely rare congenital anomalies. There are many variations of a type of clefting and classifications are needed to describe and classify all types of clefting. Facial clefts hardly ever occur isolated; most of the time there is an overlap of adjacent facial clefts.

malformation anomalies cleft

References

  1. Hunt, Jeremy A.; Hobar, P. Craig (2003). "Common Craniofacial Anomalies: Facial Clefts and Encephaloceles". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 112 (2): 606–616. doi:10.1097/01.PRS.0000070971.95846.9C. PMID 12900623.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2F01.PRS.0000070971.95846.9C
  2. Fogh-Andersen, P. (1967). "Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors in the Etiology of Facial Clefts". Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery 1: 22–29. doi:10.3109/02844316709006555.  https://dx.doi.org/10.3109%2F02844316709006555
  3. Mayou, BJ; Fenton, OM (1981). "Oblique facial clefts caused by amniotic bands". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 68 (5): 675–81. doi:10.1097/00006534-198111000-00001. PMID 6794056.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2F00006534-198111000-00001
  4. Tessier, P (1976). "Anatomical classification of facial, cranio-facial and latero-facial clefts". Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery 4 (2): 69–92. doi:10.1016/S0301-0503(76)80013-6. PMID 820824.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0301-0503%2876%2980013-6
  5. Van der Meulen, JCH (1989). "Facial Clefts". World J. Surg. 13 (4): 373–383. doi:10.1007/BF01660750. PMID 2773497.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01660750
  6. Fearon, JA et al. "Rare Craniofacial Clefts: A surgical Classification", J Craniofac Surg. 2008 Jan;19(1):110-2,Fearon, JA (2008). "Rare craniofacial clefts: a surgical classification". The Journal of craniofacial surgery 19 (1): 110–2. doi:10.1097/SCS.0b013e31815ca1ba. PMID 18216674.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2FSCS.0b013e31815ca1ba
  7. Bhattacharyya, NC; Kalita, K; Gogoi, M; Deuri, PK (2012). "Tessier 30 facial cleft". Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons 17 (2): 75–7. doi:10.4103/0971-9261.93970. PMID 22529554.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3326828
  8. Freitas, R; Cruz, GA; Alonso, N; Forte, AJ (2010). "Tessier number 30 clefts: surgical correction of a rare malformation" (in Portuguese). Brazilian Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery 13 (1): 12–7. ISSN 1980-1823. http://abccmf.org.br/Revi/2010/jan_marco/03-TESSIER.pdf. 
  9. Friede, Hans; Johanson, Bengt (1982). "Adolescent Facial Morphology of Early Bone-Grafted Cleft Lip and Palate Patients". Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery 16 (1): 41–53. doi:10.3109/02844318209006569. PMID 7051271.  https://dx.doi.org/10.3109%2F02844318209006569
  10. Kamerer, Donald B.; Caparosa, Ralph J. (1982). "TEMPORAL BONE ENCEPHALOCELE ??? DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT". The Laryngoscope 92 (8): 878–882. doi:10.1288/00005537-198208000-00008. PMID 7098736.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1288%2F00005537-198208000-00008
  11. Patipa M et al., "Surgical management of congenital eyelid coloboma", Ophthalmic Surg. 1982 Mar;13(3):212-216 Patipa, M; Wilkins, RB; Guelzow, KW (1982). "Surgical management of congenital eyelid coloboma". Ophthalmic surgery 13 (3): 212–6. PMID 7088491.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7088491
  12. Tabrizi, Reza; Ozkan, Taha Birkan; Mohammadinejad, Cyrus; Minaee, Nasim (2010). "Orbital Floor Reconstruction". Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 21 (4): 1142–1146. doi:10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181e57241. PMID 20613583.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2FSCS.0b013e3181e57241
  13. Marchad D & Arnaud E, "Midface surgery from Tessier to distraction", Childs Nerv Syst. 1999 Nov;15(11-12):681-94, Marchac, D.; Arnaud, Eric (1999). "Midface surgery from Tessier to distraction". Child's Nervous System 15 (11–12): 681–694. doi:10.1007/s003810050458. PMID 10603010.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs003810050458
  14. Tardy, M. Eugene; Denneny, James; Fritsch, Michael H. (1985). "THE VERSATILE CARTILAGE AUTOGRAFT IN RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NOSE AND FACE". The Laryngoscope 95 (5): 523–533. doi:10.1288/00005537-198505000-00003. PMID 3990484.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1288%2F00005537-198505000-00003
  15. Wilcox, A. J; Lie, R. T.; Solvoll, K.; Taylor, J.; McConnaughey, D R.; Abyholm, F.; Vindenes, H.; Vollset, S. E. et al. (2007). "Folic acid supplements and risk of facial clefts: national population based case-control study". BMJ 334 (7591): 464–464. doi:10.1136/bmj.39079.618287.0B. PMID 17259187.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1808175
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