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HandWiki. Steady State Model. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29365 (accessed on 15 October 2026).
HandWiki. Steady State Model. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29365. Accessed October 15, 2026.
HandWiki. "Steady State Model" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29365 (accessed October 15, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 14). Steady State Model. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29365
HandWiki. "Steady State Model." Encyclopedia. Web. 14 October, 2022.
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In cosmology, the steady state model is an alternative to the Big Bang theory of the evolution of our universe. In the steady state model, the density of matter in the expanding universe remains unchanged due to a continuous creation of matter, thus adhering to the perfect cosmological principle, a principle that asserts that the observable universe is basically the same at any time as well as at any place. While the steady state model enjoyed some popularity in the mid-20th century (though less popularity than the Big Bang theory), it is now rejected by the vast majority of cosmologists, astrophysicists and astronomers, as the observational evidence points to a hot Big Bang cosmology with a finite age of the universe, which the steady state model does not predict.
cosmology
model
the steady state
References
- Bondi and Gold, "The Steady-State Theory of the Expanding Universe," MNRAS 108 (1948) 252. Bibcode: 1948MNRAS.108..252B http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1948MNRAS.108..252B
- Hoyle, "A New Model for the Expanding Universe," MNRAS 108 (1948) 372. Bibcode: 1948MNRAS.108..372H http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1948MNRAS.108..372H
- "Einstein’s lost theory uncovered". Nature News & Comment. http://www.nature.com/news/einstein-s-lost-theory-uncovered-1.14767.
- Ryle and Clarke, "An examination of the steady-state model in the light of some recent observations of radio sources," MNRAW 122 (1961) 349
- Weinberg, S. (1972). Gravitation and Cosmology. John Whitney & Sons. pp. 495–464. ISBN 978-0-471-92567-5.
- Hoyle, F.; Burbidge, G.; Narlikar, J. V. (1993). "A quasi-steady state cosmological model with creation of matter". The Astrophysical Journal 410: 437–457. doi:10.1086/172761. Bibcode: 1993ApJ...410..437H. Hoyle, F.; Burbidge, G.; Narlikar, J. V. (1994). "Astrophysical deductions from the quasi-steady state cosmology". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 267: 1007–1019. doi:10.1093/mnras/267.4.1007. Bibcode: 1994MNRAS.267.1007H. Hoyle, F.; Burbidge, G.; Narlikar, J. V. (1994). "Astrophysical deductions from the quasi-steady state : Erratum". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 269: 1152. doi:10.1093/mnras/269.4.1152. Bibcode: 1994MNRAS.269.1152H. Hoyle, F.; Burbidge, G.; Narlikar, J. V. (1994). "Further astrophysical quantities expected in a quasi-steady state Universe". Astronomy and Astrophysics 289 (3): 729–739. Bibcode: 1994A&A...289..729H. Hoyle, F.; Burbidge, G.; Narlikar, J. V. (1995). "The basic theory underlying the quasi-steady state cosmological model". Proceedings of the Royal Society A 448: 191. doi:10.1098/rspa.1995.0012. Bibcode: 1995RSPSA.448..191H. https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F172761
- Narlikar, J. V.; Vishwakarma, R. G.; Burbidge, G. (2002). "Interpretations of the Accelerating Universe". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 114: 1092–1096. doi:10.1086/342374. Bibcode: 2002PASP..114.1092N. https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F342374
- Wright, E. L. (1994). "Comments on the Quasi-Steady-State Cosmology". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. doi:10.1093/mnras/276.4.1421. Bibcode: 1995MNRAS.276.1421W. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F276.4.1421
- Hoyle, F.; Burbidge, G.; Narlikar, J. V. (1994). "Note on a Comment by Edward L. Wright". arXiv:astro-ph/9412045. //arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9412045
- Wright, E. L. (20 December 2010). "Errors in the Steady State and Quasi-SS Models". UCLA, Physics & Astronomy Department. http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/stdystat.htm.
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