Black Slug

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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Biology:Black_slug

The black slug (also known as black arion, European black slug, or large black slug) Arion ater L. is a large terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Arionidae—the round back slugs. Land slugs lack shells like other terrestrial mollusks (such as snails). Without such shells, slugs produce unappetizing mucus—that may also contain toxins—to deter predators. Terrestrial slugs produce two other forms of mucus that facilitate locomotion and prevent death from drying. Such mollusks are hermaphroditic. Slugs most often function as decomposers but are also often omnivores. Arion ater is one such slug, decomposing organic matter, preying on other organisms, and consuming vegetative matter—including agricultural crops. Native to Europe, the black slug is an invasive species in Australia, Canada (British Columbia, Newfoundland, Quebec), and the United States—Pacific Northwest.

slug arion invasive species

References

Stroud, Angela. "Arion Ater." Animal Diversity Web. 2000. http://animaldiversity.org/site/accounts/information/Arion_ater.html .
Arion ater on Animal diversity web http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Arion_ater.html
Tracy, Gotthardt (2010). "European Black Slug Risk Assessment for the Copper River Delta Area, Alaska". Alaska National Heritage Program. http://aknhp.uaa.alaska.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/BlackSlug_Report.pdf.
Schultes, F. "AnimalBase :: Arion Lusitanicus Species Homepage." AnimalBase :: Arion Lusitanicus Species Homepage. 2013. http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/species?id=1811.
Forsyth, Robert (1999). "Terrestrial Gastropods of the Columbia Basin, British Columbia". Royal British Columbia Museum. http://royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/exhibits/living-landscapes/cbasin/molluscs/pdf/mollusc3.pdf.
Featherstone, Alan (2015). "European Black Slug (Arion ater)". http://treesforlife.org.uk/forest/species-profiles/european-black-slug/.
Deutsche Namen für einheimische Schnecken und Muscheln http://www.mollbase.de/list/deunam.htm
Garry Oak Ecosystem Recovery Team. “Black Slug.” http://www.goert.ca/documents/InvFS_ariorufu.pdf .
Chance Cove Provincial Park, Newfoundland http://www.ideaphore.com/Image_Galleries/2004.07.01.Chance.Cove/index.html
Allard, Ghislain (7 June 2012). "Sherbrooke envahi par les limaces" (in French). Agence QMI. Canoe.ca. http://fr.canoe.ca/artdevivre/animal/article1/2012/06/07/19848276-qmi.html. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
Cowie R. H., Dillon R. T., Robinson D. G. & Smith J. W. (2009). "Alien non-marine snails and slugs of priority quarantine importance in the United States: A preliminary risk assessment". American Malacological Bulletin 27: 113–132. PDF . http://dillonr.people.cofc.edu/Cowie-et-al-2009.pdf
"Black Slugs." Museum Victoria. 05 Apr. 2009. Web.
Svart skogssnigel – Arion ater at Natural history museum of Gothenburg http://www.gnm.se/gnm/sniglar/s_svart.asp
Jennings, T. J., and J. P. Barkham. "Quantitative Study of Feeding in Woodland by the Slug Arion Ater." Oikos 27.1 (1976): 168. Web.
Joynson, Ryan, Arvind Swamy, Paz Aranega Bou, Ambre Chapuis, and Natalie Ferry. "Characterization of Cellulolytic Activity in the Gut of the Terrestrial Land Slug Arion Ater: Biochemical Identification of Targets for Intensive Study." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 177–178 (2014): 29–35. Web.
Buschmann, H., M. Keller, N. Porret, H. Dietz, and P. J. Edwards. "The Effect of Slug Grazing on Vegetation Development and Plant Species Diversity in an Experimental Grassland." Functional Ecology Functional Ecology 19.2 (2005): 291–98. Web.
Nickel, June 1998. The Slimy, Yet Special Slug. Natural History, 107:18.
The large black slug http://www.the-piedpiper.co.uk/th11a(5).htm
Waltmon, K. "Invasive Ranking European Black Slug". Alaska National Heritage Project. http://aknhp.uaa.alaska.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/EuropeanBlackSlug.pdf.
Rodriguez-Cabal, Mariano A., Taylor C. Gibbons, Patricia M. Schulte, M. Noelia Barrios-Garcia, and Gregory M. Crutsinger. "Comparing Functional Similarity between a Native and an Alien Slug in Temperate Rain Forests of British Columbia." NB NeoBiota 25 (2015): 1–14. Web.
Svanberg I. (2006). "Blacks slugs (Arion ater) as grease: a case study of technical use of Gastropods in Pre-industrial Sweden". Journal of Ethnobiology 26(2): 299–309. doi:10.2993/0278-0771(2006)26[299:BSAAAG]2.0.CO;2. PDF https://doi.org/10.2993%2F0278-0771%282006%2926%5B299%3ABSAAAG%5D2.0.CO%3B2
Featherstone, Alan Watson (25 November 2012). "Trees for Life – Species Profile: European black slug". http://www.treesforlife.org.uk/forest/species/blackslug.html. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
Marigómez, I., M. Soto, and M. Kortabitarte. "Tissue-level Biomarkers and Biological Effect of Mercury on Sentinel Slugs, Arion Ater." Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 31.1 (1996): 54–62. Web.

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