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HandWiki. Addax. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29208 (accessed on 25 September 2026).
HandWiki. Addax. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29208. Accessed September 25, 2026.
HandWiki. "Addax" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29208 (accessed September 25, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 14). Addax. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/29208
HandWiki. "Addax." Encyclopedia. Web. 14 October, 2022.
Addax
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Biology:Addax

The addax (Addax nasomaculatus), also known as the white antelope and the screwhorn antelope, is an antelope native to the Sahara Desert. The only member of the genus Addax, it was first described scientifically by Henri de Blainville in 1816. As suggested by its alternative name, the pale antelope has long, twisted horns - typically 55 to 80 cm (22 to 31 in) in females and 70 to 85 cm (28 to 33 in) in males. Males stand from 105 to 115 cm (41 to 45 in) at the shoulder, with females at 95 to 110 cm (37 to 43 in). They are sexually dimorphic, as the females are smaller than the males. The colour of the coat depends on the season - in the winter, it is greyish-brown with white hindquarters and legs, and long, brown hair on the head, neck, and shoulders; in the summer, the coat turns almost completely white or sandy blonde. The addax mainly eats grasses and leaves of any available shrubs, leguminous herbs and bushes. They are well-adapted to exist in their desert habitat, as they can live without water for long periods of time. Addax form herds of five to 20 members, consisting of both males and females. They are led by the oldest female. Due to its slow movements, the addax is an easy target for its predators: humans, lions, leopards, cheetahs and African wild dogs. Breeding season is at its peak during winter and early spring. The natural habitat of the addax are arid regions, semideserts and sandy and stony deserts. The addax is a critically endangered species of antelope, as classified by the IUCN. Although extremely rare in its native habitat due to unregulated hunting, it is quite common in captivity. The addax was once abundant in North Africa; however it is currently only native to Chad, Mauritania, and Niger. It is extirpated from Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Sudan, and Western Sahara, but has been reintroduced into Morocco and Tunisia.

natural habitat leguminous addax

References

  1. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., eds (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 717. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494. http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14200937. 
  2. Huffman, B.. "Addax". Ultimate Ungulate. http://www.ultimateungulate.com/artiodactyla/addax_nasomaculatus.html. 
  3. "Entry Addax". Encyclopædia Britannica. Merriam-Webster. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/addax. Retrieved 13 January 2013. 
  4. Krausman, P.R.; Casey, A.L. (2012). "Addax nasomaculatus". Mammalian Species 807: Number 807: pp. 1–4. doi:10.1644/807.1.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1644%2F807.1
  5. Burton, M.; Burton, R. (2002). International Wildlife Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). New York: Marshall Cavendish. pp. 24–5. ISBN 978-0-7614-7266-7. 
  6. Claro, F.; Hayes, H.; Cribiu, E.P. (1996). "The karyotype of the addax and its comparison with karyotypes of other species of Hippotraginae antelopes.". Hereditas 124 (3): 223–7. doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1996.00223.x. PMID 8931355.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1601-5223.1996.00223.x
  7. Manilus, N. (2000). "Historical ecology and biogeography of the addax in Egypt". Israel Journal of Zoology 46 (4): 261–71. doi:10.1560/H4XC-Y7PP-T1D9-014B.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1560%2FH4XC-Y7PP-T1D9-014B
  8. Atlan, B.. "Addax nasomaculatus". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Animal Diversity Web. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Addax_nasomaculatus.html. 
  9. null
  10. Mungall, E. C. (2007). Exotic Animal Field Guide : Nonnative Hoofed Mammals in the United States (1st ed.). College Station: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-1-58544-555-4. 
  11. AAZPA Regional Conference Proceedings. American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums. 1993. p. 553. 
  12. Craig, T.M. (1993). "Longistrongylus curvispiculum (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) in free-ranging exotic antelope in Texas". Journal of Wildlife Diseases 29 (3): 516–7. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-29.3.516. PMID 8355363.  https://dx.doi.org/10.7589%2F0090-3558-29.3.516
  13. Spevak, E.M. (1993). "Species survival plan contributions to research and reintroduction of the addax Addax nasomaculatus". International Zoo Yearbook 32 (1): 91–98. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1993.tb03520.x.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1748-1090.1993.tb03520.x
  14. Reason, R.C.; Laird, E.W. (1988). "Determinants of dominance in captive female addax (Addax nasomaculatus)". Journal of Mammalogy 69 (2): 375–377. doi:10.2307/1381391.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1381391
  15. "Addax". Wildscreen. ARKive. http://www.arkive.org/addax/addax-nasomaculatus/#text=All. 
  16. Hummel, J.; Steuer, P.; Südekum, Karl-Heinz; Hammer, S.; Hammer, C.; Streich, W. J.; Clauss, M. (2008). "Fluid and particle retention in the digestive tract of the addax antelope (Addax nasomaculatus)—Adaptations of a grazing desert ruminant". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 149 (2): 142–9. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.11.001. PMID 18083600. http://www.zora.uzh.ch/2368/2/CBP_Addax_Passage_2008V.pdf. 
  17. Asa, C.S.; Houston, E.W.; Fischer, M.T.; Bauman, J.E.; Bauman, K.L.; Hagberg, P.K.; Read, B.W. (1996). "Ovulatory cycles and anovulatory periods in the addax (Addax nasomaculatus).". Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 107 (1): 119–24. doi:10.1530/jrf.0.1070119. PMID 8699424.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1530%2Fjrf.0.1070119
  18. Densmore, M.A.; Kraemer, D.C. (1986). "Analysis of reproductive data on the addax (Addax nasomaculatus) in captivity". International Zoo Yearbook 24 (1): 303–306. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1985.tb02559.x.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1748-1090.1985.tb02559.x
  19. Manski, D.A. (1991). "Reproductive behavior of addax antelope". Applied Animal Behaviour Science 29 (1): 39–66. doi:10.1016/0168-1591(91)90237-r. http://www.journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/applan/article/0168-1591%2891%2990237-R/abstract. 
  20. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Addax nasomaculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T512A50180603. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/512/50180603. Retrieved 3 June 2021. 
  21. "Addax". Sahara Conservation Fund. http://www.saharaconservation.org/?Addax. 
  22. Newby, J. (2009). "Can Addax and Oryx be saved in the Sahel?". Oryx 15 (3): 262. doi:10.1017/S0030605300024662.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0030605300024662
  23. Richard Trillo, The Rough Guide to West Africa https://books.google.com/books?id=8-GCQyrotgMC&pg=PT326&lpg=PT326&dq=Aoukar+addax&source=bl&ots=1vIw05JpGt&sig=4oWBX2g2p6w0Igr1vjJeYLJ4RR8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mbzqU_5GjePwBdPAgpgB&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Aoukar%20addax&f=false
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