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HandWiki. Chronographer. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28999 (accessed on 23 September 2026).
HandWiki. Chronographer. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28999. Accessed September 23, 2026.
HandWiki. "Chronographer" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28999 (accessed September 23, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 12). Chronographer. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28999
HandWiki. "Chronographer." Encyclopedia. Web. 12 October, 2022.
Chronographer
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Chronographer

A chronographer was a graphical representation of historical information devised by American educator Emma Willard in the mid-19th century. The chronographers intended to show historical information in a geographic and chronological context. The first graphic was Picture of Nations, published in 1835, which showed civilizations as streams running through time, becoming wider and narrower as they gained or lost influence. She developed another chronographer, the Chronographer of American History, in 1844, showing the history of the United States as events marked on the branches of a tree. Later chronographers showed historical events within an imagined Ancient Greek temple; the Temple of Time (1846), American Temple of Time (late 1840s), English Chronographer (1849) and Chronographer of Ancient History (1851) are examples of this type. In these chronographers the floor was occupied with the streams of civilizations, as in the Picture of Nations; the walls (often colonnaded) denoted the passage of time and were marked with historical leaders and the roof was split into categories to list other historic persons. The back wall of the temple was often marked as the point of biblical creation, sometimes with the date of 4004 BC from the Ussher chronology, though in her American Temple of Time a map of the continent is used. The birth of Christ was often denoted with a white star and other biblical figures included. Willard's chronographers were intended as learning aids, allowing students to place themselves within the imaginary temple and to consider events in their historic and geographic context. She presented her chronographers at the Great Exhibition in London in 1851 and received a medal and certificate from Albert, Prince Consort. Willard's work has been disparaged by later writers, including for their almost complete omission of non-Western peoples and events.

graphical representation passage of time chronology

References

  1. Schulten, Susan (1 July 2007). "Emma Willard and the graphic foundations of American history" (in en). Journal of Historical Geography 33 (3): 544. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2006.09.003. ISSN 0305-7488. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305748806001174. 
  2. Schulten, Susan (1 July 2007). "Emma Willard and the graphic foundations of American history" (in en). Journal of Historical Geography 33 (3): 548. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2006.09.003. ISSN 0305-7488. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305748806001174. 
  3. Schulten, Susan (1 July 2007). "Emma Willard and the graphic foundations of American history" (in en). Journal of Historical Geography 33 (3): 546. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2006.09.003. ISSN 0305-7488. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305748806001174. 
  4. Schulten, Susan (1 July 2007). "Emma Willard and the graphic foundations of American history" (in en). Journal of Historical Geography 33 (3): 547. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2006.09.003. ISSN 0305-7488. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305748806001174. 
  5. Joyce, Barry (2015) (in en). The First U.S. History Textbooks: Constructing and Disseminating the American Tale in the Nineteenth Century. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-4985-0216-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=uMx_CgAAQBAJ. 
  6. Schulten, Susan (1 July 2007). "Emma Willard and the graphic foundations of American history" (in en). Journal of Historical Geography 33 (3): 549. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2006.09.003. ISSN 0305-7488. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305748806001174. 
  7. Schulten, Susan. "Emma Willard's Maps of Time". https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/emma-willard-maps-of-time. 
  8. Schulten, Susan (1 July 2007). "Emma Willard and the graphic foundations of American history" (in en). Journal of Historical Geography 33 (3): 563. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2006.09.003. ISSN 0305-7488. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305748806001174. 
  9. Schulten, Susan (1 July 2007). "Emma Willard and the graphic foundations of American history" (in en). Journal of Historical Geography 33 (3): 551. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2006.09.003. ISSN 0305-7488. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305748806001174. 
  10. Joyce, Barry (2015) (in en). The First U.S. History Textbooks: Constructing and Disseminating the American Tale in the Nineteenth Century. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-4985-0216-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=uMx_CgAAQBAJ. 
  11. Schulten, Susan (1 July 2007). "Emma Willard and the graphic foundations of American history" (in en). Journal of Historical Geography 33 (3): 554. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2006.09.003. ISSN 0305-7488. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305748806001174. 
  12. Schulten, Susan (1 July 2007). "Emma Willard and the graphic foundations of American history" (in en). Journal of Historical Geography 33 (3): 555. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2006.09.003. ISSN 0305-7488. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305748806001174. 
  13. Schulten, Susan (1 July 2007). "Emma Willard and the graphic foundations of American history" (in en). Journal of Historical Geography 33 (3): 557. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2006.09.003. ISSN 0305-7488. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305748806001174. 
  14. Schulten, Susan (1 July 2007). "Emma Willard and the graphic foundations of American history" (in en). Journal of Historical Geography 33 (3): 562. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2006.09.003. ISSN 0305-7488. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305748806001174. 
  15. Joyce, Barry (2015) (in en). The First U.S. History Textbooks: Constructing and Disseminating the American Tale in the Nineteenth Century. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-4985-0216-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=uMx_CgAAQBAJ. 
  16. Joyce, Barry (2015) (in en). The First U.S. History Textbooks: Constructing and Disseminating the American Tale in the Nineteenth Century. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-4985-0216-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=uMx_CgAAQBAJ. 
  17. Schulten, Susan (1 July 2007). "Emma Willard and the graphic foundations of American history" (in en). Journal of Historical Geography 33 (3): 559. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2006.09.003. ISSN 0305-7488. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305748806001174. 
  18. Buehler, Michael. "Emma Willard's Temple of Time". https://bostonraremaps.com/inventory/emma-willard-temple-of-time-1846/. 
  19. Cohen, Matt (19 April 2019). "The Maps That Killed Alexander Posey". Textual Cultures 12 (1): 83. doi:10.14434/TEXTUAL.V12I1.27149. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26662805.pdf. 
  20. Cohen, Matt (19 April 2019). "The Maps That Killed Alexander Posey". Textual Cultures 12 (1): 79. doi:10.14434/TEXTUAL.V12I1.27149. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26662805.pdf. 
  21. Schulten, Susan (1 July 2007). "Emma Willard and the graphic foundations of American history" (in en). Journal of Historical Geography 33 (3): 560. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2006.09.003. ISSN 0305-7488. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305748806001174. 
  22. Schulten, Susan (1 July 2007). "Emma Willard and the graphic foundations of American history" (in en). Journal of Historical Geography 33 (3): 561. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2006.09.003. ISSN 0305-7488. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305748806001174. 
  23. Joyce, Barry (2015) (in en). The First U.S. History Textbooks: Constructing and Disseminating the American Tale in the Nineteenth Century. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-4985-0216-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=uMx_CgAAQBAJ. 
  24. Schulten, Susan (1 July 2007). "Emma Willard and the graphic foundations of American history" (in en). Journal of Historical Geography 33 (3): 564. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2006.09.003. ISSN 0305-7488. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305748806001174. 
  25. Cohen, Matt (19 April 2019). "The Maps That Killed Alexander Posey". Textual Cultures 12 (1): 82. doi:10.14434/TEXTUAL.V12I1.27149. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26662805.pdf. 
  26. Willard, Emma (1849). Willard's English Chronographer or Chronology of Great Britain. New York: A S Barnes & Co. 
  27. "Mrs. Emma Willard's chronographer of ancient history, Troy, New York 1851 / lith. of Sarony 117 Fulton St. N. York.". https://www.loc.gov/resource/ppmsca.09327/. 
  28. "Emma Willard" (in en). https://www.britannica.com/biography/Emma-Willard. 
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