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HandWiki. Drug-resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28886 (accessed on 26 September 2026).
HandWiki. Drug-resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28886. Accessed September 26, 2026.
HandWiki. "Drug-resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28886 (accessed September 26, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 11). Drug-resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28886
HandWiki. "Drug-resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae." Encyclopedia. Web. 11 October, 2022.
Drug-resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Biology:Drug-resistant_Streptococcus_pneumoniae

A pneumococcal infection is an infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is also called the pneumococcus. S. pneumoniae is a common member of the bacterial flora colonizing the nose and throat of 5–10% of healthy adults and 20–40% of healthy children. However, it is also a cause of significant disease, being a leading cause of pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, and sepsis. The World Health Organization estimates that in 2005 pneumococcal infections were responsible for the death of 1.6 million children worldwide.

pneumococcal infections pneumococcal health

References

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  2. WHO (2007). "Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for childhood immunization—WHO position paper". Wkly Epidemiol Rec (Geneva: World Health Organization) 82 (12): 93–104. PMID 17380597. https://www.who.int/wer/2007/wer8212.pdf. 
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  4. Siemieniuk, Reed A.C.; Gregson, Dan B.; Gill, M. John (Nov 2011). "The persisting burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV patients: an observational cohort study". BMC Infectious Diseases 11 (314): 314. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-11-314. PMID 22078162.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3226630
  5. "Influenza Circulation and the Burden of Invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia during a Non‐pandemic Period in the United States". Clin Infect Dis 50 (2): 175–183. 2010. doi:10.1086/649208. PMID 20014948.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F649208
  6. Pericone, Christopher D.; Overweg, Karin; Hermans, Peter W. M.; Weiser, Jeffrey N. (2000). "Inhibitory and Bactericidal Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Streptococcus pneumoniae on Other Inhabitants of the Upper Respiratory Tract". Infect Immun 68 (7): 3990–3997. doi:10.1128/IAI.68.7.3990-3997.2000. PMID 10858213.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=101678
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  10. "Medical microbiology: laboratory diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease". Clin. Infect. Dis. 46 (6): 926–32. March 2008. doi:10.1086/528798. PMID 18260752.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F528798
  11. "Pneumococcal vaccines WHO position paper—2012". Wkly Epidemiol Rec 87 (14): 129–44. Apr 6, 2012. PMID 24340399. https://www.who.int/wer/2012/wer8714.pdf?ua=1. 
  12. "Children to be given new vaccine". BBC News. 8 February 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4692908.stm. 
  13. "Pneumococcal Vaccination: Information for Health Care Providers". https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/pneumo/hcp/index.html. 
  14. "Critical decline in pneumococcal disease and antibiotic resistance in South Africa". NICD. http://www.nicd.ac.za/?page=alerts&id=5&rid=448. 
  15. Group For Enteric; Von Gottberg, A.; Klugman, K. P.; Cohen, C.; Wolter, N.; De Gouveia, L.; Du Plessis, M.; Mpembe, R. et al. (2008). "Emergence of levofloxacin-non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae and treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children in South Africa: a cohort observational surveillance study". The Lancet 371 (9618): 1108–1113. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60350-5. PMID 18359074. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4deabc4703b7282e734e5585b34e2815a7c50a7a. 
  16. Peterson LR (2006). "Penicillins for treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia: does in vitro resistance really matter?". Clin Infect Dis 42 (2): 224–33. doi:10.1086/497594. PMID 16355333.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F497594
  17. "The impact of penicillin resistance on short-term mortality in hospitalized adults with pneumococcal pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Clin Infect Dis 42 (6): 788–97. 2006. doi:10.1086/500140. PMID 16477555.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F500140
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  20. Block, SL; Harrison, CJ; Hedrick, JA; Tyler, RD; Smith, RA; Keegan, E; Chartrand, SA (1995). "Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in acute otitis media: risk factors, susceptibility patterns and antimicrobial management.". The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 14 (9): 751–9. doi:10.1097/00006454-199509000-00005. PMID 8559623.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2F00006454-199509000-00005
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  22. "Drug Resistance". 2019-02-13. https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/drug-resistance.html. 
  23. "Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types". J. Exp. Med. 79 (2): 137–58. 1944. doi:10.1084/jem.79.2.137. PMID 19871359.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2135445
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