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HandWiki. Revenge. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28863 (accessed on 03 October 2026).
HandWiki. Revenge. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28863. Accessed October 03, 2026.
HandWiki. "Revenge" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28863 (accessed October 03, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 11). Revenge. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28863
HandWiki. "Revenge." Encyclopedia. Web. 11 October, 2022.
Revenge
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Social:Revenge

Revenge is defined as the act of committing a harmful action against a person or group in response to a grievance, be it real or perceived. Francis Bacon described revenge as a kind of "wild justice" that "does... offend the law [and] putteth the law out of office." Primitive justice or retributive justice is often differentiated from more formal and refined forms of justice such as distributive justice and divine judgment.

distributive justice retributive justice revenge

References

  1. The Killing Scene: Hamlet 5.2.303–309.
  2. Michael Price (June 2009). Revenge and the people who seek it. 40. apa.org. p. Print version: page 34. http://www.apa.org/monitor/2009/06/revenge.aspx. Retrieved 1 October 2010. 
  3. Ian McKee, PhD. 2008. Social Justice Research (Vol. 138, No. 2)
  4. Ericksen, Karen Paige; Horton, Heather (1992). ""Blood Feuds": Cross-Cultural Variations in Kin Group Vengeance". Behavior Science Research 26 (1–4): 57–85. doi:10.1177/106939719202600103.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F106939719202600103
  5. Richard, McClelland (Summer 2010). "The Pleasures of Revenge". The Journal of Mind and Behavior 31 (3/4): 196. 
  6. Brandon Hamber and Richard A. Wilson, Symbolic Closure through Memory, Reparation and Revenge in Post-conflict Societies (Johannesburg: Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, 1999)
  7. Helena Yakovlev-Golani (2012). "Revenge - the Volcano of Despair: The Story of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict". Exploring the Facets of Revenge. p. 83. https://www.interdisciplinarypress.net/online-store/ebooks/hostility-and-violence/exploring-the-facets-of-revenge. 
  8. "Peacemaker breaks the ancient grip of Albania's blood feuds". The Christian Science Monitor June 24, 2008 http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2008/0625/p01s02-woeu.html
  9. "Blood feuds and gun violence plague Turkey's southeast". Reuters. May 5, 2009 http://uk.reuters.com/article/2009/05/05/uk-turkey-attack-feuds-analysis-idUKTRE5443HC20090505
  10. "Deadly twist to PNG's tribal feuds". BBC News. August 25, 2005 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4181042.stm
  11. Mills, D. E.. "Kataki-Uchi: The Practice of Blood-Revenge in Pre-Modern Japan". Modern Asian Studies 10. 
  12. Flew, Antony (1954). "The Justification of Punishment". Philosophy 29 (111): 291–307. doi:10.1017/S0031819100067152.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0031819100067152
  13. Plato. Protagoras. p. 324. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1591. 
  14. Schumann, Karina (2010). "The Benefits, Costs, and Paradox of Revenge". Social and Personality Psychology Compass 4 (12): 1193. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00322.x.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1751-9004.2010.00322.x
  15. Kaiser, Cheryl (2004). "A Prospective Investigation of the Relationship Between Just-World Beliefs and the Desire for Revenge After September 11, 2001". Psychological Science 15 (7): 503–506. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00709.x. PMID 15200637. https://depts.washington.edu/silab/Documents/Kaiser,%20Vick,%20&%20Major%20(2004).pdf. Retrieved 20 December 2019. 
  16. Cardozo, Barbara (2000). "Mental health, social functioning, and attitudes of Kosovar Albanians following the war in Kosovo". JAMA 16 (5): 569–77. doi:10.1001/jama.284.5.569. PMID 10918702. https://web.stanford.edu/~omidf/KarinaSchumann/KarinaSchumann_Home/Publications_files/Schumann.SPPC.2010.pdf. Retrieved 17 December 2019. 
  17. Jennifer Speake (2008). Concise Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs, 5th Ed.. Oxford University Press. p. 576. ISBN 9780191580017. https://books.google.com/books?id=ogm0c8mYtQUC&pg=PT576. Retrieved 23 October 2013. 
  18. Le Dictionnaire Marabout des pensées des auteurs du monde entier. Verviers: Gérard & Co.. 1969. 
  19. Eugène Sue (1845). Mathilde: mémoires d'une jeune femme. Welter. p. 148. https://books.google.com/books?id=2SQ6AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA148. Retrieved 26 December 2012. 
  20. Marie Joseph Eugène Sue (1846). The orphan; or, Memoirs of Matilda, tr. [from Mathilde] by the hon. D.G. Osborne. p. 303. https://archive.org/details/orphan00suegoog. 
  21. "The meaning and origin of the expression: Revenge is a dish best served cold". http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/revenge-is-a-dish-best-served-cold.html. Retrieved 24 October 2013. 
  22. Fergusson, James (2011). Taliban: The Unknown Enemy. Da Capo Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-306-82034-2. https://archive.org/details/talibanunknownen00ferg. 
  23. Mieder, Wolfgang (1992) (in en). A Dictionary of American Proverbs. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 430. ISBN 9780195053999. https://books.google.com/books?id=AbJ1tVGmiTgC&pg=PA430&dq=dig+two+graves+dictionary#v=onepage. 
  24. Liu, Wu-Chi (1953). "The Original Orphan of China". Comparative Literature 5 (3): 193–212. doi:10.2307/1768912.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1768912
  25. Shi, Fei (2009). "Tragic Ways of Killing a Child: Staging Violence and Revenge in Classical Greek and Chinese Drama". in Constantinidis, Stratos E.. Text & presentation, 2008. Jefferson: McFarland. p. 175. ISBN 9780786443666. 
  26. C. Armstrong, W. Bright, Collitz, Marden, Edward, James, Hermann, C. Carroll, (1911). "MLN, Volume 26". MLN (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1911) 26: 115-116. 
  27. Marguerite, Tassi (September 22, 2012). "Women and Revenge in Shakespeare: Gender, Genre, and Ethics". Renaissance Quarterly. 
  28. Grobbink, Leonie (July 2015). "Revenge: An Analysis of Its Psychological Underpinnings". International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology 59 (8): 892–907. doi:10.1177/0306624X13519963. PMID 24441031.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F0306624X13519963
  29. Rholetter, Wylene (January 2015). "Dramatic Irony". Salem Press Encyclopedia of Literature. http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?sid=f8163f8d-cf94-4bab-9b2b-db78100c535c%40sessionmgr4004&vid=15&hid=4213&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=89404922&db=ers. 
  30. Bloom, Sandra (2001). "Reflections on the Desire for Revenge". Journal of Emotional Abuse. http://www.nonviolenceandsocialjustice.org/Research-Literature/Sanctuary-Model-literature-and-works-by-Sandra-Bloom/Reflections-on-the-Desire-for-Revenge/75/. 
  31. Willbern, David. "Rape and Revenge in "Titus Andronicus"". English Literary Renaissance 8. 
  32. Obeidat, Zaid. "Consumer Revenge Using the Internet and Social Media: An Examination of the Role of Service Failure Types and Cognitive Appraisal Processes". Psychology & Marketing. 
  33. Grégoire, Yany. "A comprehensive model of customer direct and indirect revenge: understanding the effects of perceived greed and customer power". Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 
  34. Grégoire, Yany. "How can firms stop customer revenge? The effects of direct and indirect revenge on post-complaint responses". Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 
  35. Langlois, G.; Slane, A. (2017). "Economies of reputation: the case of revenge porn". Communication & Critical/Cultural Studies 14 (2): 120–138. doi:10.1080/14791420.2016.1273534.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F14791420.2016.1273534
  36. Stroud, S. R. (2014). "The Dark Side of the Online Self: A Pragmatist Critique of the Growing Plague of Revenge Porn". Journal of Mass Media Ethics 29 (3): 168–183. doi:10.1080/08900523.2014.917976.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F08900523.2014.917976
  37. Mills, M. G. L. (1991). "Conservation management of large carnivores in Africa". Koedoe 34 (1): 81–90. doi:10.4102/koedoe.v34i1.417.  https://dx.doi.org/10.4102%2Fkoedoe.v34i1.417
  38. Horsfall, J.A. (1984). "Brood reduction and brood division in coots". Animal Behaviour 32: 216–225. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(84)80340-1. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7809d5d929bb36c95404742013f29782fe33f9c5. 
  39. McCullough, Michael (2008). Beyond Revenge : The Evolution of the Forgiveness Instinct. Jossey-Bass. pp. 79–85. https://archive.org/details/beyondrevengeevo0000mccu. 
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